457
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

An Investigation of the Mediating Roles of Emotion Regulation Difficulties, Distress Tolerance, Self-Compassion, and Self-Disgust in the Association Between Childhood Trauma and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

REFERENCES

  • Akram, U., & Stevenson, J. C. (2021). Self-disgust and the dark triad traits: The role of expressive suppression. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110296. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110296
  • Anestis, M. D., Lavender, J. M., Marshall-Berenz, E. C., Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., & Joiner, T. E. (2012). Evaluating distress tolerance measures: Interrelations and associations with impulsive behaviors. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(6), 593–602. doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9377-8
  • Arens, A. M., Gaher, R. M., Simons, J. S., & Dvorak, R. D. (2014). Child maltreatment and deliberate self-harm: A negative binomial hurdle model for explanatory constructs. Child Maltreatment, 19(3–4), 168–177. doi:10.1177/1077559514548315
  • Armey, M. F., Crowther, J. H., & Miller, L. W. (2011). Changes in ecological momentary assessment reported affect associated with episodes of non-suicidal self-injury. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 579–588. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.01.002
  • Barlow, M. R., Goldsmith Turow, R. E., & Gerhart, J. (2017). Trauma appraisals, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-compassion predict posttraumatic stress symptoms following childhood abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 37–47. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.006
  • Bektaş, S., Mustafaoğlu-Çiçek, N., & İnözü, M. (2019, July 17–20). The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Self-Disgust Scale Revised. Poster presentation at the 9th World Congress of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
  • Berking, M., & Whitley, B. (2014). Affect regulation training: A practitioners’ manual. New York: Springer.
  • Bernstein, A., & Brantz, H. (2013). Tolerance of Negative Affective States (TNAS): Development and evaluation of a novel construct and measure. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(3), 421–433. doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9471-6
  • Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., … Ruggiero, J. (1994). Initial realiability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132–1136. doi:10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
  • Bildik, T., Somer, O., Kabukçu-Başay, B., Başay, Ö., & Özbaran, B. (2013). Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışı Değerlendirme Envanteri’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/f58x
  • Bracken-Minor, K. L., & McDevitt-Murphy, M. E. (2014). Differences in features of non-suicidal self-injury according to borderline personality disorder screening status. Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 18(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/gdcgrc
  • Burns, E. E., Jackson, J. L., & Harding, H. G. (2010). Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress: The impact of emotional abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(8), 801–819. https://doi.org/fpts77
  • Chapman, A. L., Gratz, K. L., & Brown, M. Z. (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(3), 371–394. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.005
  • Deniz, M. E., Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 36(9), 1151–1160. doi:10.2224/sbp.2008.36.9.1151
  • Diedrich, A., Burger, J., Mareike, K., & Matthias, B. (2017). Adaptive emotion regulation mediates the relationship between self-compassion and depression in individuals with unipolar depression. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 90(3), 247–263. doi:10.1111/papt.12107
  • Eichholz, A., Schwartz, C., Meule, A., Heese, J., Neumüller, J., & Voderholzer, U. (2020). Self‐compassion and emotion regulation difficulties in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 27(5), 630–639. doi:10.1002/cpp.2451
  • Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. New York: The Guildford Press.
  • Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 856–867. doi:10.1002/jclp.22021
  • Glaser, D. (2005). Child maltreatment. Psychiatry, 4(7), 53–57. https://doi.org/c9wd7d
  • Goldstein, A. L., Flett, G. L., Wekerle, C., & Wall, A. M. (2009). Personality, child maltreatment, and substance use: Examining correlates of deliberate self-harm among university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 41(4), 241–251. doi:10.1037/a0014847
  • Gratz, K. L., Bornovalova, M. A., Delany-Brumsey, A., Nick, B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007). A laboratory-based study of the relationship between childhood abuse and experiential avoidance among inner-city substance users: The role of emotional nonacceptance. Behavior Therapy, 38(3), 256–268. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.006
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/dt5vhm
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/bg3k9k
  • Gross, J. J., & Muñoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/bgbh4g
  • Hasking, P., Boyes, M. E., Finlay-Jones, A., McEvoy, P. M., & Rees, C. S. (2019). Common pathways to NSSI and suicide ideation: The roles of rumination and self-compassion. Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 23(2), 247–260. https://doi.org/gd8cjq
  • Higgins, M. (2015). Teen self-injury. Minneapolis, MN: Abdo Publishing.
  • Ille, R., Schöggl, H., Kapfhammer, H. P., Arendasy, M., Sommer, M., & Schienle, A. (2014). Self-disgust in mental disorders—symptom-related or disorder-specific? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(4), 938–943. https://doi.org/f52mt9
  • Jennissen, S., Holl, J., Mai, H., Wolff, S., & Barnow, S. (2016). Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and psychopathology: A structural equation model. Child Abuse & Neglect, 62, 51–62. https://doi.org/f9dqf9
  • Jiang, Y., You, J., Ren, Y., Sun, R., Liao, S., Zhu, J., & Ma, N. (2017). Brief report: A preliminary comparison of self-compassion between adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury thoughts and actions. Journal of Adolescence, 59, 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.019
  • Kang, N., Jiang, Y., Ren, Y., Gong, T., Liu, X., Leung, F., & You, J. (2018). Distress intolerance mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and nonsuicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(10), 2220–2230. https://doi.org/gfc4fx
  • Kaplan, S. J., Pelcovitz, D., & Labruna, V. (1999). Child and adolescent abuse and neglect research: A review of the past 10 years. Part I: Physical and emotional abuse and neglect. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(10), 1214–1222. doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00009
  • Klonsky, E. D., & Glenn, C. (2009). Assessing the functions of non-suicidal self-injury: Psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements about Self-injury (ISAS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), 215–219. doi:10.1007/s10862-008-9107-z
  • Klonsky, E. D., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2007). Self-injury: A research review for the practitioner. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(11), 1045–1056. https://doi.org/dkrrd9
  • Lazuras, L., Ypsilanti, A., Powell, P., & Overton, P. (2019). The roles of impulsivity, self-regulation, and emotion regulation in the experience of self-disgust. Motivation and Emotion, 43(1), 145–158. doi:10.1007/s11031-018-9722-2
  • Ludwig, S., & Rostain, A. (2009). Family function and dysfunction. In W. B. Carey, A. C. Crocker, W. L. Coleman, E. R. Elias, & H. M. Feldman (Eds.), Developmental-behavioral pediatrics (4th ed., pp. 103–118). Philadelphia: Elsevier. https://doi.org/ck4zn3
  • Lynch, T. R., & Mizon, G. A. (2011). Distress overtolerance and distress intolerance. In M. J. Zvolensky, A. Bernstein, & A. A. Vujanovic (Eds.), Distress tolerance: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 52–79). New York: The Guildford Press.
  • McHugh, R. K., Reynolds, E. K., Leyro, T. M., & Otto, M. W. (2013). An examination of distress intolerance and emotion regulation with avoidance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(2), 363–367. doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9463-6
  • Muehlenkamp, J. J., Kerr, P. L., Bradley, A. R., & Adams Larsen, M. (2010). Abuse subtypes and nonsuicidal self-injury. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198(4), 258–263. doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181d612ab
  • Neff, K. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. doi:10.1080/15298860309027
  • Neff, K. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/dsthm2
  • Neff, K. (2011). Self-compassion: The proven power of being kind to yourself. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Neff, K. (2016). The Self-Compassion Scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness, 7(1), 264–274. https://doi.org/gdqch9
  • Niedenthal, P. M., & Ric, F. (2017). Psychology of emotion. New York: Routledge.
  • Niedtfeld, I., Schmitt, R., Winter, D., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Herpertz, S. C. (2017). Pain-mediated affect regulation is reduced after dialectical behavior therapy in borderline personality disorder: A longitudinal fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(5), 739–747. doi:10.1093/scan/nsw183
  • Niedtfeld, I., Schulze, L., Kirsch, P., Herpertz, S. C., Bohus, M., & Schmahl, C. (2010). Affect regulation and pain in borderline personality disorder: A possible link to the understanding of self-injury. Biological Psychiatry, 68(4), 383–391. https://doi.org/djnpcn
  • Nock, M. K. (Ed.). (2009). Understanding nonsuicidal self-injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Nock, M. K. (2010). Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 339–363. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258
  • Nock, M. K., Prinstein, M. J., & Sterba, S. K. (2009). Revealing the form and function of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A real-time ecological assessment study among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(4), 816–827. doi:10.1037/a0016948
  • Öztürk, M. O., & Uluşahin, N. A. (2016). Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları (14th ed.). Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Paivio, S. C., & Laurent, C. (2001). Empathy and emotion regulation: Reprocessing memories of childhood abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(2), 213–226. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(200102)57:2<213::AID-JCLP7>3.0.CO;2-B
  • Paivio, S. C., & McCulloch, C. R. (2004). Alexithymia as a mediator between childhood trauma and self-injurious behaviors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(3), 339–354. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.11.018
  • Palmeira, L., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cunha, M. (2019). The role of self-disgust in eating psychopathology in overweight and obesity: Can self-compassion be useful? Journal of Health Psychology, 24(13), 1807–1816. doi:10.1177/1359105317702212
  • Peh, C. X., Shahwan, S., Fauziana, R., Mahesh, M. V., Sambasivam, R., Zhang, Y., … Subramaniam, M. (2017). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking child maltreatment exposure and self-harm behaviors in adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 67, 383–390. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.013
  • Powell, P. A., Overton, P. G., & Simpson, J. (2014). The revolting self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-disgust in females with depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(6), 562–578. https://doi.org/f5ztmz
  • Powell, P. A., Overton, P. G., & Simpson, J. (Eds.). (2015). The revolting self: Perspectives on the psychological, social, and clinical implications of self-directed disgust. London: Karnac Books.
  • Reffi, A. N., Boykin, D. M., & Orcutt, H. K. (2019). Examining pathways of childhood maltreatment and emotional dysregulation using self-compassion. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 28(10), 1269–1285. https://doi.org/f6p8
  • Reitz, S., Kluetsch, R., Niedtfeld, I., Knorz, T., Lis, S., Paret, C., … Schmahl, C. (2015). Incision and stress regulation in borderline personality disorder: Neurobiological mechanisms of self-injurious behaviour. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science, 207(2), 165–172. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.153379
  • Ross, N. D., Kaminski, P. L., & Herrington, R. (2019). From childhood emotional maltreatment to depressive symptoms in adulthood: The roles of self-compassion and shame. Child Abuse & Neglect, 92, 32–42. https://doi.org/gf4h4h
  • Rugancı, R. N., & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(4), 442–455. doi:10.1002/jclp.20665
  • Sargın, A. E., Özdel, K., Utku, Ç., Kuru, E., Yalçınkaya Alkar, Ö., & Türkçapar, M. H. (2012). Sıkıntıya Dayanma Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1, 152–161.
  • Sim, L., Adrian, M., Zeman, J., Cassano, M., & Friedrich, W. N. (2009). Adolescent deliberate self-harm: Linkages to emotion regulation and family emotional climate. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/bsb56w
  • Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion, 29(2), 83–102. doi:10.1007/s11031-005-7955-3
  • Smith, N. B., Steele, A. M., Weitzman, M. L., Trueba, A. F., & Meuret, A. E. (2015). Investigating the role of self-disgust in nonsuicidal self-injury. Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 19(1), 60–74. doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.850135
  • Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R. A., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta-analyses. Child Abuse Review, 24(1), 37–50. doi:10.1002/car.2353
  • Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., & St John, N. J. (2014). Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(3), 273–303. doi:10.1111/sltb.12070
  • Şar, V., Öztürk, E., & İkikardeş, E. (2012). Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlamasının geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 32(4), 1054–1063. doi:10.5336/medsci.2011-26947
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education.
  • Thomassin, K., Shaffer, A., Madden, A., & Londino, D. L. (2016). Specificity of childhood maltreatment and emotion deficit in nonsuicidal self-injury in an inpatient sample of youth. Psychiatry Research, 244, 103–108. https://doi.org/gdchd2
  • Thompson, R. A., & Goodman, M. (2009). Development of emotion regulation: More than meets the eye. In A. M. Kring & D. M. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 38–58). New York: The Guildford Press.
  • Thompson, R. A., & Meyer, S. (2007). The socialization of emotion regulation in the family. In J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 249–268). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Titelius, E. N., Cook, E., Spas, J., Orchowski, L., Kivisto, K., O’Brien, K. H. M., … Seymour, K. (2018). Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(3), 323–331. doi:10.1080/10926771.2017.1338814
  • Toprak, S., Cetin, I., Guven, T., Can, G., & Demircan, C. (2011). Self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among college students. Psychiatry Research, 187(1-2), 140–144. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.009 21040980
  • Vettese, L. C., Dyer, C. E., Li, W. L., & Wekerle, C. (2011). Does self-compassion mitigate the association between childhood maltreatment and later emotion regulation difficulties? A preliminary investigation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(5), 480–491. https://doi.org/cz6fmq
  • Whitlock, J., Muehlenkamp, J., Eckenrode, J., Purington, A., Baral Abrams, G., Barreira, P., & Kress, V. (2013). Nonsuicidal self-injury as a gateway to suicide in young adults. The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 52(4), 486–492. https://doi.org/f4sctx
  • World Health Organization (2020, June). Child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment.
  • Yates, T. M. (2004). The developmental psychopathology of self-injurious behavior: Compensatory regulation in posttraumatic adaptation. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(1), 35–74. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2003.10.001
  • Yates, T. M., Carlson, E. A., & Egeland, B. (2008). A prospective study of child maltreatment and self-injurious behavior in a community sample. Development and Psychopathology, 20(2), 651–671. doi:10.1017/S0954579408000321
  • Ypsilanti, A., Lazuras, L., Powell, P., & Overton, P. (2019). Self-disgust as a potential mechanism explaining the association between loneliness and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243, 108–115. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.056
  • Zoroğlu, S. S., Tuzun, U., Sar, V., Tutkun, H., Savaçs, H. A., Ozturk, M., … Kora, M. E. (2003). Suicide attempt and self-mutilation among Turkish high school students in relation with abuse, neglect and dissociation. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/bfhk3z

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.