An Open Trial of a Brief, Self-Compassion Intervention Targeting Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness

REFERENCES

• Allan, N. P., Boffa, J. W., Raines, A. M., & Schmidt, N. B. (2018). Intervention related reductions in perceived burdensomeness mediates incidence of suicidal thoughts. Journal of Affective Disorders, 234, 282–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F. (2011). Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, & interventions. Review of General Psychology, 15(4), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025754
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchini, G., Ochshorn, S., & Bodell, L. (2022). June). Developing a psychoeducational self-compassion video: A pilot study. Presented at the Annual Canadian Psychological Association Convention.
   Google Scholar
• Bluth, K., Lathren, C., Clepper-Faith, M., Larson, L. M., Ogunbamowo, D. O., & Pflum, S. (2021). Improving mental health among transgender adolescents: Implementing mindful self-compassion for teens. Journal of Adolescent Research, 38(2), 271–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211062126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodell, L. P., Smith, A. R., & Witte, T. K. (2021). Dynamic associations between interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation in a sample of individuals with eating disorders. Psychological Medicine, 51(9), 1516–1523. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, H., Batterham, P. J., Soubelet, A., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2013). A test of the interpersonal theory of suicide in a large community-based cohort. Journal of Affective Disorders, 144(3), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, C., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., Rogers, M. L., Podlogar, M. C., Chiurliza, B., Ringer, F. B., Michaels, M. S., Patros, C. H. G., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1313–1345. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, J., Marôco, J., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., Ferreira, C., & Castilho, P. (2016). Validation of the psychometric properties of the Self‐Compassion Scale. Testing the factorial validity and factorial invariance of the measure among borderline personality disorder, anxiety disorder, eating disorder and general populations. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 23(5), 460–468. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleare, S., Gumley, A., & O'Connor, R. C. (2019). Self‐compassion, self‐forgiveness, suicidal ideation, and self‐harm: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(5), 511–530. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolezal, S., Winterowd, C., & Farra, A. (2021). The relationship of self-compassion and suicide risk factors in American Indian/Alaska Native people. American Indian & Alaska Native Mental Health Research: The American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research (Online), 28(1), 103–124. https://doi.org/10.5820/aian.2801.2021.103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, J. (2020). Interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation: Moderating effects of self-compassion.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrari, M., Hunt, C., Harrysunker, A., Abbott, M. J., Beath, A. P., & Einstein, D. A. (2019). Self-compassion interventions and psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis of RCTs. Mindfulness, 10(8), 1455–1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01134-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, S. J., & River, J. (2018). Beyond the medical model: Future directions for suicide intervention services. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation, 48(1), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731417716086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Huang, X., Musacchio, K. M., Jaroszewski, A. C., Chang, B. P., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(2), 187–232. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, R. S. Jr, (1983). An operational classification of disease prevention. Public Health Reports, 98(2), 107. PMID: 6856733; PMCID: PMC1424415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahs-Vaughn, D. L., & Lomax, R. G. (2020). An introduction to statistical concepts. (4). Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2-3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, R. M., Rey, Y., Marin, C. E., Sharp, C., Green, K. L., & Pettit, J. W. (2015). Evaluating the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire: Comparison of the reliability, factor structure, and predictive validity across five versions. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 45(3), 302–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Corp Released. (2020). IBM SPSS statistics for windows, Version 27.0. IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Joiner, T. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiman, E. M., Turner, B. J., Fedor, S., Beale, E. E., Huffman, J. C., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Examination of real-time fluctuations in suicidal ideation and its risk factors: Results from two ecological momentary assessment studies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(6), 726–738. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan, M. M. (2008). Suicide intervention research: A field in desperate need of development. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(5), 483–485. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.5.483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantelou, A., & Karakasidou, E. (2017). The effectiveness of a brief self-compassion intervention program on self-compassion, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Psychology, 08(04), 590–610. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.84038
   Google Scholar
• Moffitt, R. L., Neumann, D. L., & Williamson, S. P. (2018). Comparing the efficacy of a brief self-esteem and self-compassion intervention for state body dissatisfaction and self-improvement motivation. Body Image, 27, 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortier, P., Cuijpers, P., Kiekens, G., Auerbach, R. P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J. G., Kessler, R. C., Nock, M. C., & Bruffaerts, R. (2018). The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 48(4), 554–565. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717002215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Knox, M., Kuchar, A., & Davidson, O. (2020). The development and validation of the State Self-Compassion Scale (long and short form). Mindfulness. Advance Online Publication, 12(1), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01505-4
   Google Scholar
• Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., Bruffaerts, R., Chiu, W. T., de Girolamo, G., Gluzman, S., de Graaf, R., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Huang, Y., Karam, E., Kessler, R. C., Lepine, J. P., Levinson, D., Medina-Mora, M. E., … Williams, D. (2008). Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 192(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordentoft, M. (2011). Crucial elements in suicide prevention strategies. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 35(4), 848–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ougrin, D., Tranah, T., Stahl, D., Moran, P., & Asarnow, J. R. (2015). Therapeutic interventions for suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(2), 97–107.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qualtrics. (2022). https://www.qualtrics.com
   Google Scholar
• Rabon, J. K., Hirsch, J. K., Kaniuka, A. R., Sirois, F., Brooks, B. D., & Neff, K. (2019). Self-compassion and suicide risk in veterans: When the going gets tough, do the tough benefit more from self-compassion? Mindfulness, 10(12), 2544–2554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01221-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, M. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2019). Exploring the temporal dynamics of the interpersonal theory of suicide constructs: A dynamic systems modeling approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheffer, J. (2002). Dealing with missing data. Research Letters in the Information and Mathematical Sciences, 3, 153–160. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/4355
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2017). June 16). Health at a glance. Suicide Rates: An Overview. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-624-x/2012001/article/11696-eng.htm
   Google Scholar
• Umphrey, L. R., Sherblom, J. C., & Swiatkowski, P. (2020). Relationship of self-compassion, hope, and emotional control to perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation. The Crisis, 42(2), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000697
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Orden, K. A., Cukrowicz, K. C., Witte, T. K., & Joiner, T. E. Jr, (2012). Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness: Construct validity and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 24(1), 197–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E. Jr, (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins, B. C. (2000). Detecting and Dealing with Outliers in Univariate and Multivariate Contexts.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, A. C., Mackintosh, K., Power, K., & Chan, S. W. (2019). Effectiveness of self-compassion related therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 10(6), 979–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1037-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2019). September 2). Suicide. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., Dong, L., Watson-Singleton, N. N., Tarantino, N., Carr, E. R., Niles-Carnes, L. V., Patterson, B., & Kaslow, N. J. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in an African American clinical sample. Mindfulness, 10(7), 1395–1405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01099-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar