Can Informal Communication and Sense of Belonging Motivate and Retain Hospitality Employees? Informal Groups’ Role

References

• Aguirre-Urreta, M. I., & Hu, J. (2019). Detecting common method bias: Performance of the Harman’s single-factor test. ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 50(2), 45–70.
   Google Scholar
• Ahn, M. Y., & Davis, H. H. (2020). Sense of belonging as an indicator of social capital. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(7/8), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-12-2019-0258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Hawamdeh, N., & Al Qatamin, A. (2021). The effect of cultural dimensions on knowledge-sharing intentions: Evidence from higher education institutions in Jordan. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics & Business, 8(5), 1079–1089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almuqrin, A., Zhang, Z. J., Alzamil, A., Mutambik, I., & Alhabeeb, A. (2020). The explanatory power of social capital in determining knowledge sharing in higher education: A case from Saudi Arabia. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 25(3), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjlis.vol25no3.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshammri, S. N. (2021). Do informal groups threaten organizations? Comparing group conflict management styles with supervisors. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 12(4), 997–1018. https://doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i4.1342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asrar-Ul-Haq, M., Anwar, S., & Nisar, T. (2016). A systematic review of knowledge management and knowledge sharing: Trends, issues, and challenges. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1127744. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2015.1127744
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bafandeh Zendeh, A., & Saghafi Oskuie, H. (2017). A model for identification of informal groups’ leaders. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6(2), 176–189. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2017.60348
   Google Scholar
• Bartol, K. M., & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900105
   Google Scholar
• Beatty, S. E., Ogilvie, J., Northington, W. M., Harrison, M. P., Holloway, B. B., & Wang, S. (2015). Frontline service employee compliance with customer special requests. Journal of Service Research, 19(2), 158–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670515624978
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binda, G. A. (2020). Human relations approach of management: an assessment of organizational leadership in dealing with informal work groups. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 11, 754–774.
   Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M., & Scott, W. R. (2003). Formal organizations: A comparative approach. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blomme, R. J., van Rheede, A., & Tromp, D. M. (2010). The use of the psychological contract to explain turnover intentions in the hospitality industry: A research study on the impact of gender on the turnover intentions of highly educated employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(1), 144–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190903466954
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock, G. W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social‐psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS Quarterly, 29(1), 87‐112. https://doi.org/10.2307/25148669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalkiti, K. E. (2010). Knowledge sharing in dynamic labour environments: a case study of hotels in Darwin, Australia’s Northern Territory [ Doctoral dissertation]. Charles Darwin University.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, H., & Ayoun, B. (2019). Is negative workplace humor really all that ‘negative’? Workplace humor and hospitality employees’ job embeddedness. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 79(41), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.12.010
   Google Scholar
• Chen, H., Ayoun, B., & Eyoun, K. (2018). Work-Family conflict and turnover intentions: a study comparing China and US hotel employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 17(2), 247–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2017.1406272
   Google Scholar
• Chiaburu, D. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1082–1103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockshaw, W. D., Shochet, I. M., & Obst, P. L. (2014). Depression and belongingness in general and workplace contexts: a cross-lagged longitudinal investigation. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 33(5), 448–462. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.5.448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R., & Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory. In The Handbook of Social Psychology. pp. 61–88. Springer, Dordrecht.
   Google Scholar
• Fan, Z., Grey, C., & Kärreman, D. (2021). Confidential gossip and organization studies. Organization Studies, 42(10), 1651–1664. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840620954016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fay, M. J. (2011). Informal communication of co‐workers: A thematic analysis of messages. Qualitative Research in Organizations & Management: An International Journal, 6(3), 212–229. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465641111188394
   Google Scholar
• Fay, M. J., & Kline, S. L. (2012). The Influence of informal communication on organizational identification and commitment in the context of high-intensity telecommuting. The Southern Communication Journal, 77(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794x.2011.582921
   Google Scholar
• Fu, Y., Ye, G., Tang, X., & Liu, Q. (2019). Theoretical framework for informal groups of construction workers: a grounded theory study. Sustainability, 11(23), 67–69. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, S., Low, S. P., & Gong, H. Q. (2022). Effects of activity-based workspaces on employee belongingness. Facilities, 40(1/2), 98–117. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-08-2020-0093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaskin, J. (2016). Stats tools package. Gaskination’s Statwiki:
   Google Scholar
• Guo, Y., & Ayoun, B. (2022). Starting a career during a global pandemic: telling stories of hospitality management graduates’ decision making. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 34(1), 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1963972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s recent consequences: using dimension scores in theory and research. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 1(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/147059580111002
   Google Scholar
• Hussein, R. T. (1990). Understanding and managing informal groups. Management Decision, 28(8). https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749010000038
   Google Scholar
• Iosim, I., Iancu, T., Popescu, G., & Orboi, M. D. (2010). The impact of informal communications in organizations. Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 67(2), 125–130.
   Google Scholar
• Jaitli, R., & Hua, Y. (2013). Measuring sense of belonging among employees working at a corporate campus. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 15(2), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRE-04-2012-0005
   Google Scholar
• Karatepe, O. M., Uludag, O., Menevis, I., Hadzimehmedagic, L., & Baddar, L. (2006). The effects of selected individual characteristics on frontline employee performance and job satisfaction. Tourism Management, 27(4), 547–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, T. T., & Lee, G. (2013). Hospitality employee knowledge-sharing behaviors in the relationship between goal orientations and service innovative behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 324–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. L., Rhou, Y., Uysal, M., & Kwon, N. (2017). An examination of the links between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its internal consequences. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 61, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.10.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. L., Rhou, Y., Uysal, M., & Kwon, N. (2017). An examination of the links between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its internal consequences. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 61, 26–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Km, R. K. (2020). Employee retention–challenges and realities faced by corporates for new recruits as well as existing employees. Ushus Journal of Business Management, 19(4), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.53.6
   Google Scholar
• Koch, T., & Denner, N. (2022). Informal communication in organizations: Work time wasted at the water-cooler or crucial exchange among co-workers? Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 27(3), 494–508. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-08-2021-0087
   Google Scholar
• Kock, N., & Lynn, G. (2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: an illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 546–580. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamertz, K. (2006). Organizational citizenship behaviour as performance in multiple network positions. Organization Studies, 27(1), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840605056397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampinen, M. S., Suutala, E., & Konu, A. I. (2017). Sense of community, organizational commitment and quality of services. Leadership in Health Services, 30(4), 378–393. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-06-2016-0025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeFebvre, R., & Franke, V. (2013). Culture matters: individualism vs. Collectivism in conflict decision-making. Societies, 3(1), 128–146. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc3010128
   Google Scholar
• LeFebvre, R., & Franke, V. (2013). Culture matters: Individualism vs. collectivism in conflict decision-making. Societies, 3(1), 128–146.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, H., Fan, W., & Chau, P. Y. (2014). Determinants of users’ continuance of social networking sites: a self-regulation perspective. Information & Management, 51(5), 595–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.03.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, I. Y., & Kwantes, C. T. (2015). Potential job facilitation benefits of ‘water cooler’ conversations: the importance of social interactions in the workplace. The Journal of Psychology, 149(3), 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2013.874322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majchrzak, A., Faraj, S., Kane, G. C., & Azad, B. (2013). The contradictory influence of social media affordances on online communal knowledge sharing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(1), 38–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meira, J. V. D. S., & Hancer, M. (2021). Using the social exchange theory to explore the employee-organization relationship in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(2), 670–692. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2020-0538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustamil, N., Yazdi, A. M., Syeh, S. S., & Ali, M. A. (2014). A dimensional analysis of the relationship between communication satisfaction and turnover intention: The mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Business & Management, 9(9), 75. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n9p75
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. M., Siri, N. S., & Malik, A. (2021). Multilevel influences on individual knowledge sharing behaviours: The moderating effects of knowledge sharing opportunity and collectivism. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-01-2021-0009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, J., Robinson, S. L., Berdahl, J. L., & Banki, S. (2015). Is negative attention better than no attention? The comparative effects of ostracism and harassment at work. Organization Science, 26(3), 774–793. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J., & Min, H. (2020). Turnover intention in the hospitality industry: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peer, E., Brandimarte, L., Samat, S., & Acquisti, A. (2017). Beyond the Turk: Alternative platforms for crowdsourcing behavioral research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 70, 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. S., Daud, N. M., Hassan, H., & Osmangani, A. M. (2016). Effects of workplace spirituality and trust mediated by perceived risk towards knowledge sharing behaviour. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 46(4), 450–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-06-2015-0033
   Google Scholar
• Raluca, Z., & Romulus, V. (2015). Informal groups in global work environment: group work or team work? Ovidius University Annals Economic Sciences Series, XV(1), 648–653.
   Google Scholar
• Randall, J. G., Brooks, R. R., & Heck, M. J. (2022). Formal and informal learning as deterrents of turnover intentions: Evidence from frontline workers during a crisis. International Journal of Training and Development, 26(2), 185–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, Y., Lao, L., & Liu, C. (2021). How do front-line employees make decisions on whether to hide their knowledge from co-workers in hospitality firms? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(5), 1532–1553. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2020-1071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rego, A., & Souto, S. (2009). Does the need to belong moderate the relationship between perceptions of spirit of camaraderie and employees’ happiness? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(2), 148. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, S. (2009). Undergraduates’ perceptions of tourism and hospitality as a career choice. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin, M., Paolini, S., Subašić, E., & Giacomini, A. (2019). A confirmatory study of the relations between workplace sexism, sense of belonging, mental health, and job satisfaction among women in male‐dominated industries. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49(5), 267–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12577
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Self, T. T., Gordon, S., & Ghosh, A. (2022). Increasing management retention: The mediating role of organizational embeddedness on coworker support and turnover intention. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 23(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1708224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafique, I., Kalyar, M. N., Ahmad, B., & Pierscieniak, A. (2022). Moral exclusion in hospitality: Testing a moderated mediation model of the relationship between perceived overqualification and knowledge-hiding behavior. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(5), 1759–1778. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2022-0067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shariff, N. M., Abidin, A. Z., & Bukhari, A. M. M. (2019). International migrant workers in tourism and hospitality industry, Langkawi, Malaysia: Does their demographic profile matter? Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 25(2), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.25206-364
   Google Scholar
• Shin, S. K., Ishman, M., & Sanders, G. L. (2007). An empirical investigation of socio-cultural factors of information sharing in China. Information & Management, 44(2), 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.11.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shved, V., Omelchenko, O., & Sheremeta, O. (2022). Theoretical and methodological fundamentals of manage informal groups in the organization. Market Infrastructure.
   Google Scholar
• Sidorenkov, A. V., & Borokhovski, E. F. (2023). The role of cohesion and productivity norms in performance and social effectiveness of work groups and informal subgroups. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5), 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, F. M., Newman, A., & Liu, M.(m2014). The moderating effect of individual level collectivist values on brand loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 67(11), 2437–2446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triandis, H. C., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M. J., Asai, M., & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 54(2), 323. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Fu, X., Wang, Y., & Wei, F. (2022). Driving hospitality frontline employees’ boundary-spanning behaviors: A social exchange and role theory perspective. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 23(2), 388–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2021.1871701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, J., Hu, Y., & Kim, H. J. (2018). Impact of individual cultural values on hotel guests’ positive emotions and positive eWOM intention: Extending the cognitive appraisal framework. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1769–1787. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, A., & Dhar, R. L. (2022). Effect of job crafting on hotel frontline employees’ work role performance: the role of work engagement and leader-member exchange. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 25(2), 359–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2022.2114972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeşil, S., & Hırlak, B. (2013). An empirical investigation into the influence of knowledge sharing barriers on knowledge sharing and individual innovation behaviour. International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM), 9(2), 38–61. https://doi.org/10.4018/jkm.2013040103
   Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, C., & Hunt, S. D. (2001). Salesforce cooperation: The influence of relational, task, organizational, and personal factors. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(4), 335–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/03079450094207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo, B., Donthu, N., & Lenartowicz, T. (2011). Measuring Hofstede’s five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23(3–4), 193–210.
   Google Scholar
• You, X., O’leary, J., Morrison, A., & Hong, G. S. (2000). A cross-cultural comparison of travel push and pull factors: United Kingdom vs. Japan. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1(2), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1300/J149v01n02_01
   Google Scholar
• Yu, B., Meng, Y., Li, C., & Liu, D. (2022). How does employees’ narcissism influence organizational commitment? The role of perceived supervisor support and abusive supervision. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 910739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.910739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, T. M., Zhu, D., Kim, P. B., & Williamson, D. (2022). An examination of the interaction effects of hospitality employees’ motivational and cultural factors in the workplace. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 23(3), 517–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2020.1805088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuolo, F. (2013). Toleration and informal groups: How does the formal dimension affect groups’ capacity to tolerate? European Journal of Political Theory, 12(3), 288–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885112465249
   Google Scholar