Publication Cover
Food, Culture & Society
An International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
Latest Articles
101
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Making tea, making ethnic minority women: Women’s labor, ethnicized femininity, and the Pu’er tea business in contemporary China

ORCID Icon
Received 14 Apr 2023, Accepted 20 Feb 2024, Published online: 01 Apr 2024

References

  • Baruah, J. 2018. “The Public versus Private Space: The Feminization of Work in Tea Plantation.” ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 3 (2): 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/2455632718794570.
  • Besky, S. 2013. The Darjeeling Distinction: Labor and Justice on Fair-Trade Tea Plantations in India. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.
  • Blumenfield, T., and H. Silverman, eds. 2013. Cultural Heritage Politics in China. New York: Springer.
  • Butler, J. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
  • Butler, J. 2003. “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory.” In Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives, edited by C. R. McCann and K. K. Seung, 415–427. New York: Routledge.
  • Cable, M. 2008. “Will the Real Dai Please Stand Up: Conflicting Displays of Identity in Ethnic Tourism.” Journal of Heritage Tourism 3 (4): 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/17438730802366565.
  • Chatterjee, P. 2001. A Time for Tea: Women, Labor and Post/Colonial Politics on an Indian Plantation. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Chio, J. 2014. A Landscape of Travel: The Work of Tourism in Rural Ethnic China. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
  • Chow, R. 2001. “Violence in the Other Country: China as Crisis, Spectacle and Women.” In Theorizing Feminism: Parallels Trends in the Humanities and Social Sciences, edited by C. H. Anne and J. S. Abigail, 345–364. Boulder, Colorada: Westview Press.
  • Corbett, R. 2018. Cultivating Femininity: Women and Tea Culture in Edo and Meiji Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai ‘i Press.
  • d’Abbs, P. 2019. “Tea Art as Everyday Practice: Gongfu Tea in Chaoshan, Guangdong, Today.” The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 20 (3): 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2019.1611908.
  • de Brauw, A., J. K. Huang, L. X. Zhang, and S. Rozelle. 2013. “The Feminisation of Agriculture with Chinese Characteristics.” The Journal of Development Studies 49 (5): 689–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.724168.
  • Duara, M., and S. Mallick. 2019. “Women Workers & Industrial Relations in Tea Estates of Assam.” The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations 55 (1): 15–26.
  • Feng, X. H. 2007. “Gender and Hmong Women’s Handicrafts in Fenghuang’s ‘Tourism Great Leap Forward’, China.” Anthropology of Work Review 28 (3): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1525/awr.2007.28.3.17.
  • Feng, X. H. 2017. Tourism and Prosperity in Miao Land: Power and Inequality in Rural China. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • Fredrickson, B., and T. A. Roberts. 1997. “Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women’s Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 21 (2): 173–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x.
  • Gao, X. X. 1994. “Dangdai zhongguo nongcun laodongli zhuanyi ji nongye nuxinghua qushi.” [In Chinese] [Rural labor force’s migration and trend of agricultural feminization in modern China].” Shehuixue Yanjiu [Sociological Studies] 2:83–90.
  • Gladney, D. 1994. “Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities.” The Journal of Asian Studies 53 (1): 92–123. https://doi.org/10.2307/2059528.
  • Hershatter, G. 1997. Dangerous Pleasure: Prostitution and Modernity in Twentieth- Century Shanghai. Berkely, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.
  • Huang, X. 2006. “Performing Gender: Nostalgic Wedding Photography in Contemporary China.” Ethnologies 28 (2): 81–111. https://doi.org/10.7202/014984ar.
  • Hyde, S. T. 2001. “Sex Tourism Practices on the Periphery: Eroticizing Ethnicity and Pathologizing Sex on the Lancang.” In China Urban: Ethnographies of Contemporary Culture, edited by N. N. Chen, C. D. Clark, S. Z. Gottschang, and L. Jeffery, 333–348. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Kato, E. 2004. The Tea Ceremony and Women’s Empowerment in Modern Japan: Bodies Re-Presenting the Past. London and New York: Routledge Curzon.
  • Kawarazuka, N., C. R. Doss, C. R. Farnworth, and R. Pyburn. 2022. “Myths About the Feminization of Agriculture: Implications for Global Food Security.” Global Food Security 33:100611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100611.
  • Komlosy, A. 2009. “Feminization, Recognition and the Cosmological in Xishuangbanna.” In Marginalization in China, edited by S.-K. Cheung, J.-T.-H. Lee, and L. V. Nedilsky, 123–143. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Li, J., and W. J. Yu. 2023. “Ethnic Clothing, the Exercises of Self-Representation, and Fashioning Ethnicity in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China.” Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body, and Culture 27 (6): 797–832. https://doi.org/10.1080/1362704X.2023.2189999.
  • Lu, W. J. 2004. “Beyond the Paradigm: Tea-Picking Women in Imperial China.” Journal of Women’s History 15 (4): 19–46. https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2004.0015.
  • Luo, Y. 2022. “The Domestic Life of Buyi Videos: The ‘Home Mode’ in Ethnic Rural Southwest China.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2022.2081237.
  • Ma, Z. 2018. “Sensorial Place-Making in Ethnic Minority Areas: The Consumption of Forest Puer Tea in Contemporary China.” The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 19 (4): 316–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2018.1486453.
  • Ma, Z. 2021. “Encounters in Zomia: Dynamics of Ethnic Relations in the Pu’er Tea Trade in Southern Yunnan, China.” China—An International Journal 19 (1): 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1353/chn.2021.0007.
  • Ma, Z. 2023a. “How a Hani Designer is Bringing Ethnic Fusion to Chinese Fashion.” Sixth Tone, 5 June 2023. https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1013249?fbclid=IwAR280kArqb2uPrvk7mb67I9fSZ_QLUdsz1JrcCTFVOUwxxf3ptP9dRktJfA.
  • Ma, Z. 2023b. ““Making Senses”: The Qualia of Pu’er Tea and Sensorial Encounters Between Tea Producers and Traders in Southwest China.” Journal of Material Culture 28 (1): 40–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591835211066811.
  • Manderson, L., and M. Jolly, eds. 1997. Sites of Desires, Economics of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Meng, X. D. 2014. “Feminization of Agricultural Production in Rural China: A Sociological Analysis.” Ph. D diss., Wageningen University.
  • Notar, B. 2006. Displacing Desire: Travel and Popular Culture in China. Honolulu: Hawai ‘i Press.
  • Qian, N. 2008. “Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Sex-Specific Earnings on Sex Imbalance.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 123 (3): 1251–1285. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.3.1251.
  • Schein, L. 1997. “Gender and Internal Orientalism in China.” Modern China 23 (1): 69–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049702300103.
  • Schein, L. 2000. The Miao and the Feminine in China’s Cultural Politics. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Schein, L. 2012. “Sliding Scales: The Media and Lives of Miao Pop Singer a You Duo.” In Mapping Media in China: Region, Province, Locality, edited by W. Sun and J. Chio, 323–356. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Shen, H. M. 2004. “Zuqun Rentong: Nanxing Keweihua Yu Nuxing Zhuweihua—Guanyu Dangdai Zhongguo Zunqun Rentong de Shehui Xingbie Kaocha” [Ethnic Identity and Men’s ‘Etic’ versus Women’s ‘Emic’ Orientation: Reflections on Social Gender of Ethnic Identity in Contemporary China].” Ethno-National Studies, (5): 27–35.
  • Shephard, R., and L. Yu, eds. 2013. Heritage Management, Tourism, and Governance in China: Managing the Past to Serve the Present. New York: Springer.
  • Vepa, S. 2005. “Feminization of Agriculture and Marginalization of Their Economic Stake.” Economic and Political Weekly 40 (25): 18–24.
  • White, S. D. 1997. “Fame and Sacrifice: The Gendered Construction of Nazi Identities.” Modern China 23 (3): 298–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049702300302.
  • Xiao, K. B., and J. L. Li. 2020. ““Cong ‘Ji’ Dao ‘Yi’: Chao Zhou Gongfu Cha de Xian Dai Xing” [From Skill to Art: The Modernity of Chaozhou Gongfucha].” Journal of Chinese Dietary Culture 16 (2): 223–266.
  • Yang, L. F. 2023. “Mosuo Songs and Dances: From the Villages to the University Campus.” Matrix: A Journal for Maricultural Studies 3 (1): 218–234.
  • Zhang, J. H. 2018. “A Transnational Flow of the Art of Tea: The Paradox of Cultural Authenticity in Taiwan.” The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 19 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2017.1400090.
  • Zhang, L. 2016. “A Foreign Infusion: The Forgotten Legacy of Japanese Chado on Modern Chinese Tea Art.” GASTROMICA: The Journal of Critical Food Studies 16 (1): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2016.16.1.53.
  • Zhang, L. X., A. Brauw, and S. Rozelle. 2004. “China’s Rural Labor Market Development and Its Gender Implications.” China Economic Review 15:230–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2004.03.003. 2
  • Zhang, G., and L. Hjorth. 2019. “Live-Streaming, Games and Politics of Gender Performance: The Case of Nüzhubo in China.” Convergence: The International Journal of Research Int New Media Technologies 25 (5–6): 807–825. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517738160.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.