120
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The transnational prosocial activities of elite African footballers in their communities of origin

ORCID Icon
Pages 43-67 | Received 01 Nov 2022, Accepted 01 Jun 2023, Published online: 09 Jun 2023

References

  • Acheampong, E. Y. (2019). Giving back to society: Evidence from African sports migrants. Sport in Society, 22(12), 2045–2064. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2018.1551367
  • Acheampong, E. Y. (2020). How does professional football status challenge African players’ behaviour? Soccer & Society, 21(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2018.1541797
  • Acheampong, E. Y. (2021). The journey of professional football career: Challenges and reflections. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 45(4), 374–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723520958341
  • Acheampong, E. Y., Bouhaouala, M., & Raspaud, M. (2019). African footballers in Europe: Migration, community, and give back behaviours, 1st ed. Routledge.
  • Acheampong, E. Y., & Raspaud, M. (2022). Kwame Nkrumah’s overthrow and its effect on national team players (1957–1980). Soccer & Society, 23(7), 725–734. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2022.2108240
  • Adum-Kyeremeh, K., & Ofosu-Mensah, E. A. (2020). Coup d’état and sports development in Ghana – 1966–1969. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana, 2019–2020(19), 61–86.
  • Agergaard, S., & Botelho, V. (2014). The way out? African players’migration to Scandinavian women’s football. Sport in Society, 17(4), 523–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.815512
  • Agergaard, S., & Ryba, T. V. (2014). Migration and career transitions in professional sports: Transnational athletic careers in a psychological and sociological perspective. Sociology of Sport Journal, 31(2), 228–247. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2013-0031
  • Agergaard, S., & Ungruhe, C. (2016). Ambivalent precarity: Career trajectories and temporalities in highly skilled sports labor migration from West Africa to Northern Europe. Anthropology of Work Review, 37(2), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/awr.12096
  • Agyemang, K. J. (2014). Toward a framework of “athlete citizenship” in professional sport through authentic community stakeholder engagement. Sport, Business and Management. An International Journal, 4(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-12-2011-0088
  • Aknin, L. B., Dunn, E. W., Whillans, A. V., Grant, A. M., & Norton, M. I. (2013). Making a difference matters: Impact unlocks the emotional benefits of prosocial spending. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 88, 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.01.008
  • Allen, D. (2013). National Heroes’: Sport and the creation of icons. Sport in History, 33(4), 584–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2013.850782
  • Allen, D. (2014). Games for the Boys” Sport, empire and the creation of the masculine ideal. In J. Hargreaves & E. Anderson, eds. Routledge handbook of sport, gender and sexuality (pp. 19–29). Routledge.
  • Arora, R. (2021). Why diaspora communities are powerful development actors. D + C, e-Paper, 2021(3), 13.
  • Atwell, A. S., Ma, R., Iles, I., McCloskey, T., & Parry-Giles, S. 2016. “This is who we are!” National identity construction and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Communication & Sport, 5(4), 428–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479516636638
  • Besnier, N., Guinness, D., Hann, M., & Kovač, U. (2018). Rethinking masculinity in the neoliberal order: Cameroonian Footballers, Fijian Rugby Players, and Senegalese Wrestlers. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 60(4), 839–872. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417518000312
  • Bierhoff, H. W. (2002). Prosocial behaviour, 1st ed. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2011). A cooperative species: Human reciprocity and its evolution. Princeton University Press.
  • Boykoff, J., & Carrington, B. (2020). Sporting dissent: Colin Kaepernick, NFL activism, and media framing contests. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(7), 829–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690219861594
  • Braun, V., & Clark, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Buck, R. (2011). Communicative genes in the evolution of empathy and altruism. Behavior Genetics, 41(6), 876–888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-011-9456-3
  • Buck, R., & Ginsburg, B. (1997). Communicative genes and the evolution of empathy: Selfish and social emotions as voices of selfish and social genes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 807(1), 481–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51944.x
  • Butterworth, M. L. (2014). The athlete as citizen: Judgement and rhetorical invention in sport. Sport in Society, 17(7), 867–883. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.806033
  • Calow, E. (2022). Well, what was the message you got?’: The discursive power of Naomi Osaka and her peaceful protest at the 2020 U.S. Open. European Journal for Sport and Society, 19(4), 347–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.2001171
  • Cicirelli, V. G. (1994). Sibling relationships in cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/352697
  • Darby, P. (2000). The New Scramble for Africa: African Football Labour Migration to Europe. The European Sports History Review, 3(1), 217–244.
  • Darby, P. (2007a). Out of Africa: The Exodus of the African Football Talent to Europe. Working USA, 10(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.2007.00175.x
  • Darby, P., Akindes, G., & Kirwin, M. (2007b). Football accademies and the Migration of African football labour to Europe. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 31(2), 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723507300481
  • Darby, P. (2007c). African football labour migration to Portugal: Colonial and neo‐colonial resource. Soccer & Society, 8(4), 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970701440774
  • Darby, P., & Van der Meij, N. (2018). Africa, migration and football. In J. Nauright & M. Amara (Eds.), Sport in the African World (1st ed, pp. 94–109). Routledge.
  • Di Marco, A. (2021). Athletes’ freedom of expression: The relative political neutrality of sport. Human Rights Law Review, 21(3), 620–640. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngab009
  • Dovidio, J. F., & Banfield, J. C. (2015). Prosocial behavior and empathy. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 19, 216–220.
  • Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 701–778). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Engh, M. H., Settler, F., & Agergaard, S. (2017). The ball and the rhythm in her blood’: Racialised imaginaries and football migration from Nigeria to Scandinavia. Ethnicities, 17(1), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796816636084
  • Esson, J. (2013). A body and a dream at a vital conjuncture: Ghanaian youth, uncertainty and the allure of football. Geoforum, 47, 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.03.011
  • Esson, J. (2015). Better off at home? Rethinking responses to trafficked West African Footballers in Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(3), 512–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2014.927733
  • Evans, R. (2010). Children’s caring roles and responsibilities within the Family in Africa. Geography Compass, 4(10), 1477–1496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2010.00386.x
  • Ezenweke, E. O. (2016). Rites of passage and sustainable development in traditional Africa: Reflections for contemporary society. Journal of Religion and Human Relations, 8(2), 19–34.
  • Fifpro. (2020). Playing our part: The impact of professional footballers during Covid-19. Retrieved February 21, 2023, from https://fifpro.org/media/gljdudp3/fifpro_playing_our_part_report_english.pdf .
  • Hardy, C. L., & Van Vugt, M. (2006). Nice guys finish first: The competitive altruism hypothesis. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(10), 1402–1413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206291006
  • Hasenfratz, L., & Knafo, A. (2015). Prosocial behavior, effects of parenting and family structure on. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 19, 244–249.
  • Ho, E. L. E., & McConnell, F. (2019). Conceptualizing ‘diaspora diplomacy’: Territory and populations betwixt the domestic and foreign. Progress in Human Geography, 43(2), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517740217
  • Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge University Press.
  • Höllerer, M. A. (2012). Corporate social responsibility (CSR). In Between Creed, Rhetoric Façade, and Disregard: Dissemination and Theorization of Corporate Social Responsibility in Austria (pp. 29–66). Peter Lang AG.
  • Hruschka, D. J., & Henrich, J. (2015). Prosocial behavior, cultural differences. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 19, 238–243.
  • Kayser-Bril, N. (2014). Africa is not a country. Retrieved August 17, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton
  • Kieh, G. K. (2016). Civilians and Civil Wars in Africa: The cases of Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Côte D'Ivoire. Peace Research, 48(1), 203–228.
  • Lagos State Judicial Panel fo Inquiry. (2021). Lagos State judicial panel of inquiry on restitution for victims of SARS related abuses and other matters: Report of the Lekki Incident Investigation of 20th October 2020. Lagos State Government.
  • Langevang, T. (2008). We are managing!’ Uncertain paths to respectable adulthoods in Accra, Ghana. Geoforum, 39(6), 2039–2047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.09.003
  • Law, G. (2019). Researching professional footballers: Reflections and lessons learned. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 160940691984932. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919849328
  • Maguire, M., & Delahunt, B. (2017). Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. All Ireland Journal of Higher Education, 9(3), 3351–33514.
  • Malti, T., Gummerum, M., Keller, M., & Buchmann, M. (2009). Children’s moral motivation, sympathy, and prosocial behavior. Child Development, 80(2), 442–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01271.x
  • Mangoma, A., & Wilson-Prangley, A. (2019). Black Tax: Understanding the financial transfers of the emerging black middle class. Development Southern Africa, 36(4), 443–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1516545
  • McMullin, C. (2023). Transcription and qualitative methods: Implications for third. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 34(1), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-021-00400-3
  • Mpansu, B. T. K. (1986). The African tradition of sharing. The Ecumenical Review, 38(4), 386–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6623.1986.tb01371.x
  • Murthy, D. (2008). Digital ethnography: An examination of the use of new technologies for social research. Sociology, 42(5), 837–855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038508094565
  • Plaza, S. & Ratha, D. eds. (2011). Diaspora for development in Africa. The World Bank.
  • Poli, R. (2006a). Migrations and trade of African football players: Historic, geographical and cultural aspects. Afrika Spectrum, 41, 393–414.
  • Poli, R. (2006b). Africans’ status in the European Football Players’ Labour Market. Soccer & Society, 7(2–3), 278–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970600615369
  • Poli, R., Ravenel, L., & Benson, R. (2019). The demographics of football in the European labour market. CIES Football Observatory Monthly Report, Issue (49).
  • Poli, R., Ravenel, L. & Benson, R., 2021. Expatriate footballers worldwide: Global 2021 study. CIES Football Observatory Monthly Report, Issue 65.
  • Sanderson, J. (2013). Stepping into the (social media) game: Building athlete identity via Twitter. In R. Luppicini (Ed.), Handbook of research on technoself: Identity in a technological society (pp. 419–438). Information Science Reference/IGI Global.
  • Schiller, N. G., Basch, L., & Blanc-Szanton, C. (1992a). Transnationalism: A new analytic framework for understanding migration. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 645(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb33484.x
  • Schiller, N. G., Basch, L., & Blanc-Szanton, C. (1992b). Towards a definition of transnationalism: Introductory Remarks and research questions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 645(1), ix–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb33482.x
  • Seippel, Ø. (2017). Sports and nationalism in a Globalized World. International Journal of Sociology, 47(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2017.1264835
  • Smith, B. (2018). Generalizability in qualitative research: Misunderstandings, opportunities and recommendations for the sport and exercise sciences. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 10(1), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2017.1393221
  • Smith, C. (2022). Footballers’ citizenship during COVID-19: A case study of Premier League players’ community support. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 57(6), 980–997. https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902211045679
  • Smith, M. M. (2011). The ‘Revolt of the Black Athlete’: Tommie Smith and John Carlos’s 1968 Black Power Salute Reconsidered. In S. Wagg (Ed.), Myths and Milestones in the history of sport (pp. 159–184). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tella, O. (2021). Africa’s soft power: Philosophies, political values, foreign policies and cultural exports. Routledge.
  • Thomas, E. (2018). We matter: Athletes and activism. Edge of Sports.
  • Tigau, C. (2014). The Diaspora elites as cultural Ambassadors. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 59(222), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0185-1918(14)70224-7
  • Trans, L. O., & Vammen, I. M. (2011). African diaspora associations in Denmark: A study of their development activities and potentials. In S. Plaza & D. Ratha (Eds.), Diaspora for development in Africa (pp. 154–164). The World Bank.
  • Ungruhe, C. (2016). Mobilities at play: The local embedding of transnational connections in West African Football Migration. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 33(15), 1767–1785. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1330262
  • Ungruhe, C., & Agergaard, S. (2020). Cultural transitions? Transcultural and bordercrossing activities among sport labor migrants. Sport in Society, 23(4), 717–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2020.1702780
  • Ungruhe, C., & Agergaard, S. (2021). Migrant athletes and the transformation of physical capital. Spatial and temporal dynamics in West African footballers’ approaches to post-careers. European Journal for Sport and Society, 18(4), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2020.1863706
  • Ungruhe, C., & Esson, J. (2017). A social negotiation of Hope. Male West African Youth, ‘Waithood’ and the Pursuit of Social Becoming through Football. Boyhood Studies, 10(1), 22–43. https://doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2017.100103
  • van der Meij, N., & Darby, P. (2017). Getting in the game and getting on the move: Family, the intergenerational contract and internal migration into football academies in Ghana. Sport in Society, 20(11), 1580–1595. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2017.1284807
  • Vertovec, S. (2015). The political importance of diasporas. Centre on Migration Policy and Society Working Papers, Issue 3, 1–13.
  • Waardenburg, M. (2016). Which wider social roles? An analysis of social roles ascribed to voluntary sports clubs. European Journal for Sport and Society, 13(1), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2016.1153883
  • Waardenburg, M., & Nagel, S. (2019). Social roles of sport organisations: Developments, contexts and challenges. European Journal for Sport and Society, 16(2), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2019.1622203
  • Weisner, T. (1982). Sibling interdependence and child caretaking: A cross-cultural view. In M. Lamb & B. Sutton-Smith (Eds.), Sibling relationships: Their nature and significance across the lifespan (pp. 305–327). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Wittek, R., & Bekkers, R. (2015). Altruism and prosocial behavior, sociology of. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (2nd ed.) (pp. 579–583). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.32158-4
  • Wojczewski, S., Poppe, A., Hoffmann, K., Peersman, W., Nkomazana, O., Pentz, S., & Kutalek, R. (2015). Diaspora engagement of African migrant health workers examples from five destination countries. Global Health Action, 8(1), 29210. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.29210

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.