When calling and overwork climate collide: the effect on burnout and intention to change careers

References

• Alarcon, G. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 549–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunderson, J. S., & Thompson, J. A. (2009). The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1), 32–57. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2009.54.1.32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardador, M. T., Dane, E., & Pratt, M. G. (2011). Linking calling orientations to organizational attachment via organizational instrumentality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 367–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creed, P. A., Rogers, M. E., Praskova, A., & Searle, J. (2014). Career calling as a personal resource moderator between environmental demands and burnout in Australian junior doctors. Journal of Career Development, 41(6), 547–561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845313520493
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabbs, S. M., Graham, J. A., & Dixon, M. A. (2020). Extending the kaleidoscope career model: Understanding career needs of midcareer elite head coaches. Journal of Sport Management, 34(6), 554–567. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvin, L. (2020). Voluntary occupational turnover and the experiences of former intercollegiate women assistant coaches. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 116, 103349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dik, B. J., Eldridge, B. M., Steger, M. F., & Duffy, R. D. (2012). Development and validation of the calling and vocation questionnaire (CVQ) and brief calling scale (BCS). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 242–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711434410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, M. A., & Bruening, J. E. (2007). Work-family conflict in coaching I: A top-down perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 21, 377–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, M. A., Dabbs, S. M., Graham, J. A., & Hardie, A. (2023). Coach as CEO: Developing a work-family balance taxonomy for sport executives. Managing Sport and Leisure, 28(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1848447
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., & Dik, B. J. (2011a). The presence of a calling and academic satisfaction: Examining potential mediators. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, R. D., Bott, E. M., Allan, B. A., Torrey, C. L., & Dik, B. J. (2012). Perceiving a calling, living a calling, and job satisfaction: Testing a moderated, multiple mediator model. Journal of Couseling Psychology, 59(1), 50–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, R. D., Dik, B. J., Douglass, R. P., England, J. W., & Velez, B. L. (2018). Work as a calling: A theoretical model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(4), 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, R. D., Dik, B. J., & Steger, M. F. (2011b). Calling and work-related outcomes: Career commitment as a mediator. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78(2), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.09.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, R. D., Douglass, R. P., Autin, K. L., England, J., & Dik, B. J. (2016). Does the dark side of a calling exist? Examining potential negative effects. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(6), 634–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1137626
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, R. D., Douglass, R. P., Gensmer, N. P., England, J. W., & Kim, H. J. (2019). An initial examination of the work as calling theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 66(3), 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrhardt, K., & Ensher, E. (2021). Perceiving a calling, living a calling, and calling outcomes: How mentoring matters. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 68(2), 168–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, J. A., & Dixon, M. A. (2017). Work-family balance among coach-fathers: A qualitative examination of enrichment, conflict, and role- management strategies. Journal of Sport Management, 31(3), 288–305. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassell, K. D., Archbold, C. A., & Stichman, A. J. (2011). Comparing the workplace experiences of male and female police officers: Examining the workplace problems, stress, job satisfaction and consideration of a career change. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 13(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2011.13.1.217
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hirschi, A., Keller, A. C., & Spurk, D. (2019). Calling as a double-edged sword for work-nonwork enrichment and conflict among older workers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 114, 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, V. T., & Astakhova, M. N. (2018). Disentagling passion and engagement: An examination of how and when passionate employees become engaged ones. Human Relations, 71(7), 973–1000. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717731505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huml, M. R., Hambrick, M. E., Hums, M. A., & Nite, C. (2018). It’s powerful, legitimate, and urgent, but is it equitable? Stakeholder claims within the attributes of stakeholder salience in sport. Journal of Sport Management, 32(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0192
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huml, M. R., Taylor, E. A., & Dixon, M. A. (2021). From engaged worker to workaholism: A mediated model of athletic department employees. European Sport Management Quarterly, 21(4), 583–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2020.1765404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huml, M. R., Taylor, E. A., & Martin, E. M. (2023a). The effect of remote work on family and work dynamics within the sport industry. Journal of Sport Management, 37(3), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2022-0082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huml, M. R., Taylor, E. A., Weight, E. A., & Dixon, M. A. (2023b). Exploring employee experiences in a sport industry workplace through tournament theory. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 16, 243–265.
   Google Scholar
• Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., & Christensen, K. B. (2005). The Copenhagen burnout inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500297720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapchick, R. E. (2019). The 2019 racial and gender report card: College sport. University of Central Florida, College of Business. Retrieved from: https://43530132-36e9-4f52-811a-182c7a91933b.filesusr.com/ugd/7d86e5_d69e3801bb8146f2b08f6e619bcddf22.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Y. H., & Chelladurai, P. (2018). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, coach burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in sport leadership. European Sport Management Quarterly, 18(4), 393–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1406971
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCharles, J. D., & Melton, E. N. (2021). Charting their own path: Using life course theory to explore the careers of gay men working in sport. Journal of Sport Management, 35(5), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach, C. (1976). Burned-out. Human Behavior, 9, 16–22.
   Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1986). MBI: The maslach burnout inventory manual: Second edition. Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzetti, G., Schaufeli, W. B., & Guglielmi, D. (2014). Are workaholics born or made? Relations of workaholism with person characteristics and overwork climate. International Journal of Stress Management, 21(3), 227–254. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzetti, G., Schaufeli, W. B., Guglielmi, D., & Depolo, M. (2016). Overwork climate scale: Psychometric properties and relationships with working hard. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(4), 880–896. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-03-2014-0100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melton, E. N., & Cunningham, G. B. (2014). Examining the workplace experiences of sport employees who are LGBT: A social categorization theory perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 28(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2011-0157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardoe, I. (2020). Applied regression modeling (3rd ed.). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ratten, V., & Ferreira, J. (2017). Sport entrepreneurship and innovation. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., van der Heijden, F. M. M. A., & Prins, J. T. (2009). Workaholism, burnout and well-being among junior doctors: The mediating role of role conflict. Work & Stress, 23(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902834021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2014). Burnout, boredom and engagement in the workplace. In M. C. W. Peeters, J. de Jonge, & T. W. Taris (Eds.), An introduction to contemporary work psychology (pp. 293–320). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Schenewark, J. D., & Dixon, M. A. (2012). A dual model of work-family conflict and enrichment in collegiate coaches. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 5, 15–39.
   Google Scholar
• Shuck, B., Rose, K., & Bergman, M. (2015). Inside the spiral of dysfunction: The personal consequences of working for a dysfunctional leader. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 27(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/nha3.20122
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, E. A., Huml, M. R., & Dixon, M. A. (2019). Workaholism in sport: A mediated model of work-family conflict and burnout. Journal of Sport Management, 33(4), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2006). Compulsory citizenship behavior: Theorizing some dark sides of the good soldier syndrome in organizations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 36(1), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2006.00297.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, M. (1930). The protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Weight, E. A., Taylor, E. A., Huml, M. R., & Dixon, M. A. (2021). Working in the sport industry: A classification of human capital archetypes. Journal of Sport Management, 35(4), 364–378. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2020-0070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, B., Xia, M., Xin, X., & Zhou, W. (2016). Linking calling to work engagement and subjective career success: The perspective of career construction theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 94, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2016.02.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar