Impact of networking on explorative innovation in emerging media technology markets: the case of German XR firms

References

• Ahokangas, P., Haapanen, L., Golgeci, I., Arslan, A., Khan, Z., & Kontkanen, M. (2022). Knowledge sharing dynamics in international subcontracting arrangements: The case of Finnish high-tech SMEs. Journal of International Management, 28(1), 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100888
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akcigit, U., & Kerr, W. R. (2018). Growth through heterogeneous innovations. Journal of Political Economy, 126(4), 1374–1443. https://doi.org/10.1086/697901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alerasoul, S. A., Afeltra, G., Hakala, H., Minelli, E., & Strozzi, F. (2021). Organisational learning, learning organisation, and learning orientation: An integrative review and framework. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexiev, A. S., Jansen, J. J. P., Van den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2010). Top management team advice seeking and exploratory innovation: The moderating role of TMT heterogeneity. Journal of Management Studies, 47(7), 1343–1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00919.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aljanabi, A. R. A., & Noor, N. A. M. (2015). The mediating role of market orientation on entrepreneurial orientation, absorptive capacity and technological innovation capabilities. Asian Social Science, 11(5), 219. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n5p219
   Google Scholar
• Autio, E. (1997). New, technology-based firms in innovation networks symplectic and generative impacts. Research Policy, 26(3), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(96)00906-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autio, E., Nambisan, S., Thomas, L. D. W., Wright, M. (2018). Digital affordances, spatial affordances, and the genesis of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 72–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggio, R., & Del Chiappa, G. (2014). Real and virtual relationships in tourism digital ecosystems. Information Technology & Tourism, 14(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-013-0001-5
   Google Scholar
• Bakos, Y., & Katsamakas, E. (2008). Design and ownership of two-sided networks: Implications for internet platforms. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(2), 171–202. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222250208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrutia, J. M., & Echebarria, C. (2019). Drivers of exploitative and explorative innovation in a collaborative public-sector context. Public Management Review, 21(3), 446–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1500630
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beliaeva, T., Ferasso, M., Kraus, S., & Damke, E. J. (2019). Dynamics of digital entrepreneurship and the innovation ecosystem: A multilevel perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(2), 266–284. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2019-0397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellalouna, F. (2020). Industrial case studies for digital transformation of engineering processes using the virtual reality technology. Procedia CIRP, 90, 636–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.082
   Google Scholar
• Bengtsson, M., Raza-Ullah, T., & Vanyushyn, V. (2016). The coopetition paradox and tension: The moderating role of coopetition capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.11.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benner, M. J., & Tushman, M. L. (2003). Exploitation, exploration, and process management: The productivity dilemma revisited. The Academy of Management Review, 28(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bönte, W. (2004). Innovation and employment growth in industrial clusters: Evidence from aeronautical firms in Germany. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 11(3), 259–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357151042000286393
   Google Scholar
• Bouncken, R. B., Fredrich, V., Ritala, P., & Kraus, S. (2018). Coopetition in new product development alliances: Advantages and tensions for incremental and radical innovation: Coopetition in new product development. British Journal of Management, 29(3), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branzanti, C. (2015). Creative clusters and district economies: Towards a taxonomy to interpret the phenomenon. European Planning Studies, 23(7), 1401–1418. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2014.935930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennecke, J., & Rank, O. (2017). The firm’s knowledge network and the transfer of advice among corporate inventors—A multilevel network study. Research Policy, 46(4), 768–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camarinha-Matos, L. M., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2008). On reference models for collaborative networked organizations. International Journal of Production Research, 46(9), 2453–2469. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540701737666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camio, M. I., Romero, M. D. C., Álvarez, M. B., & Rébori, A. J. (2018). Distinctive Innovation Capabilities of Argentine Software Companies with high Innovation results and impacts. Administrative Sciences, 8(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8020013
   Google Scholar
• Cenamor, J. (2021). Complementor competitive advantage: A framework for strategic decisions. Journal of Business Research, 122, 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S., Duan, Y., Edwards, J. S., & Lehaney, B. (2006). Toward understanding inter‐organizational knowledge transfer needs in SMEs: Insight from a UK investigation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(3), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270610670821
   Google Scholar
• Chin, W. W. (1998). Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly, 22(1), 7–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill, G. A., & Peter, P. J. (1984). Research design effects on the reliability of rating scales: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 21(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378402100402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crick, J. M., & Crick, D. (2021). The dark-side of coopetition: Influences on the paradoxical forces of cooperativeness and competitiveness across product-market strategies. Journal of Business Research, 122, 226–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czakon, W., Klimas, P., & Mariani, M. (2020). Behavioral antecedents of coopetition: A synthesis and measurement scale. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damanpour, F., & Schneider, M. (2006). Phases of the adoption of innovation in organizations: Effects of environment, Organization and top managers. British Journal of Management, 17(3), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00498.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, P. A., & Shapiro, J. S. (2008). Community-based production of open-source software: What do we know about the developers who participate? Information Economics and Policy, 20(4), 364–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Zubielqui, G. C., Jones, J., & Lester, L. (2017). Knowledge inflows from market- and science-based actors, absorptive capacity, innovation and performance: a study of SMEs. In Promoting innovation in New Ventures and small- and medium-sized enterprises (Vol. 28, pp. 359–391). WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE). https://doi.org/10.1142/9781786343482_0015
   Google Scholar
• Dickson, P. R. (1992). Toward a General theory of competitive rationality. Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299205600107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durst, S., & Runar Edvardsson, I. (2012). Knowledge management in SMEs: A literature review. Journal of Knowledge Management, 16(6), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271211276173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duysters, G., Lavie, D., Sabidussi, A., & Stettner, U. (2020). What drives exploration? Convergence and divergence of exploration tendencies among alliance partners and competitors. Academy of Management Journal, 63(5), 1425–1454. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.1409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eickelpasch, A., Lejpras, A., & Stephan, A. (2010). Locational and internal sources of firm competitive advantage: Applying porter’s diamond model at the firm level (No. 2010-6; JIBS Working Papers). Jönköping International Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Eigler, J., & Azarpour, S. (2020). Reputation management for creative workers in the media industry. Journal of Media Business Studies, 17(3–4), 261–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1741148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekvall, G., & Arvonen, J. (1991). Change-centered leadership: An extension of the two-dimensional model. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 7(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5221(91)90024-U
   Google Scholar
• Elmuti, D., Abebe, M., Nicolosi, M., & Dealtry, R. (2005). An overview of strategic alliances between universities and corporations. Journal of Workplace Learning, 17(1/2), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1108/13665620510574504
   Google Scholar
• Engel, J. S. (2015). Global clusters of innovation: Lessons from Silicon Valley. California Management Review, 57(2), 36–65. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.2.36
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enkel, E., Heil, S., Hengstler, M., & Wirth, H. (2017). Exploratory and exploitative innovation: To what extent do the dimensions of individual level absorptive capacity contribute? Technovation, 60–61, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Z., Geng, S., & Peng, X. (2011). A study of inter-firm network and knowledge integration impact mechanism on absorptive capacity. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 654–658. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2011.6117998
   Google Scholar
• Fang, C., Lee, J., & Schilling, M. A. (2010). Balancing exploration and exploitation through structural design: The isolation of subgroups and organizational learning. Organization Science, 21(3), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, S.-C., Wang, M.-C., & Chen, P.-C. (2017). The influence of knowledge networks on a firm’s innovative performance. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Y., Teng, D., & Hao, B. (2019). Joint actions with large partners and small-firm ambidexterity in asymmetric alliances: The mediating role of relational identification. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 37(7), 689–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242619842592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, J., Cardim, S., & Coelho, A. (2021). Dynamic capabilities and mediating effects of innovation on the competitive advantage and firm’s performance: The moderating role of organizational learning capability. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 12(2), 620–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00655-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flatten, T. C., Engelen, A., Zahra, S. A., & Brettel, M. (2011). A measure of absorptive capacity: Scale development and validation. European Management Journal, 29(2), 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2010.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freund, D., Lee, R., Tüselmann, H., & Cao, Q. (2020). International high-tech SMEs innovative foreign knowledge inflows: Effects of host country weak network ties and absorptive capacity. Multinational Business Review, 28(3), 333–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-04-2019-0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller-Love, N. (2009). Formal and informal networks in small businesses in the media industry. International Entrepreneurship & Management Journal, 5(3), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-008-0102-3
   Google Scholar
• Gilsing, V., Nooteboom, B., Vanhaverbeke, W., Duysters, G., & van den Oord, A. (2008). Network embeddedness and the exploration of novel technologies: Technological distance, betweenness centrality and density. Research Policy, 37(10), 1717–1731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.08.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnyawali, D., & Park, B.-J. (2009). Co-opetition and Technological innovation in Small and medium-sized enterprises: A multilevel conceptual model. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(3), 308–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2009.00273.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan, J., & Liu, N. (2016). Exploitative and exploratory innovations in knowledge network and collaboration network: A patent analysis in the technological field of nano-energy. Research Policy, 45(1), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, R., Miyazaki, K., & Kajikawa, Y. (2018). Ingredients of successful emerging business ecosystems: Case of industrial IoT adoption. 2018 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.23919/PICMET.2018.8481854
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Hult, T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (Second ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harman, H. H. (1967). Modern factor analysis (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hein, A., Schreieck, M., Riasanow, T., Setzke, D. S., Wiesche, M., Böhm, M., & Krcmar, H. (2020). Digital platform ecosystems. Electronic Markets, 30(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-019-00377-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In R. R. Sinkovics & P. N. Ghauri (Eds.), New challenges to international marketing (Advances in International Marketing, Vol. 20) (pp. 277–319). Leeds: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Herdon, M., Várallyai, L., Péntek, Á., & Matopoulos, A. (2012). Digital business ecosystem prototyping for SMEs. Journal of Systems & Information Technology, 14(4), 286–301. https://doi.org/10.1108/13287261211279026
   Google Scholar
• He, Z.-L., & Wong, P.-K. (2004). Exploration vs. Exploitation: An empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis. Organization Science, 15(4), 481–494. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillman, A. J., & Hitt, M. A. (1999). Corporate political strategy formulation: A model of approach, participation, and strategy decisions. The Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 825. https://doi.org/10.2307/259357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, J., Henfridsson, O., Liu, M. J., & Newell, S. (2017). Growing on steroids: Rapidly scaling the user base of Digital ventures through Digital innovation. MIS Quarterly, 41(1), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2017/41.1.16
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, G. P. (1991). Organizational learning: The contributing processes and the literatures. Organization Science, 2(1), 88–115. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2.1.88
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudák, M., Korečko, Š., & Sobota, B. (2021). LIRKIS global collaborative virtual environments: Current state and utilization perspective. Open Computer Science, 11(1), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hult, G. T. M., Hair, J. F., Proksch, D., Sarstedt, M., Pinkwart, A., & Ringle, C. M. (2018). Addressing endogeneity in international marketing applications of partial least squares structural equation modeling. Journal of International Marketing, 26(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.17.0151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurni, T., Huber, T. L., Dibbern, J., & Krancher, O. (2021). Complementor dedication in platform ecosystems: Rule adequacy and the moderating role of flexible and benevolent practices. European Journal of Information Systems, 30(3), 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1779621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IDC. (2019). Worldwide augmented and virtual reality spending Guide. International Data Corporation (IDC).
   Google Scholar
• Isckia, T., Reuver, M. D., & Lescop, D. (2020). Orchestrating platform ecosystems: The interplay of innovation and business development subsystems. Journal of Innovation Economics and Management, n° 32(2), 197–223. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.032.0197
   Google Scholar
• Jacobides, M. G., Cennamo, C., & Gawer, A. (2018). Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8), 2255–2276. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2904
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M., & Henderson, R. (1993). Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 577–598. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, J. J. P., George, G., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2008). Senior team attributes and organizational ambidexterity: The moderating role of transformational leadership. Journal of Management Studies, 45(5), 982–1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00775.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, J. J. P., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2005). Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity: How do organizational antecedents matter? Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 999–1015. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, J. J. P., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2006). Exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and performance: Effects of organizational antecedents and environmental moderators. Management Science, 52(11), 1661–1674. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0576
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jantunen, A., Tarkiainen, A., Chari, S., & Oghazi, P. (2018). Dynamic capabilities, operational changes, and performance outcomes in the media industry. Journal of Business Research, 89, 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.01.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajikawa, Y., Mori, J., & Sakata, I. (2012). Identifying and bridging networks in regional clusters. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(2), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2011.04.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karhu, K., Gustafsson, R., & Lyytinen, K. (2018). Exploiting and defending open Digital Platforms with boundary resources: Android’s five platform forks. Information Systems Research, 29(2), 479–497. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0786
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, T., & Rhee, M. (2009). Exploration and exploitation: Internal variety and environmental dynamism. Strategic Organization, 7(1), 11–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127008100125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., Song, K., & Lee, J. (1993). Determinants of technological innovation in the small firms of Korea. R&D Management, 23(3), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00824.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokshagina, O., Le Masson, P., & Bories, F. (2017). Fast-connecting search practices: On the role of open innovation intermediary to accelerate the absorptive capacity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 120, 232–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komorowski, M. (2017). A novel typology of media clusters. European Planning Studies, 25(8), 1334–1356. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1303823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotabe, M., Jiang, C. X., & Murray, J. Y. (2011). Managerial ties, knowledge acquisition, realized absorptive capacity and new product market performance of emerging multinational companies: A case of China. Journal of World Business, 46(2), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2010.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukalis, S. (2010). Agglomeration economies and firm performance: The case of industry clusters. Journal of Management, 36(2), 453–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308329964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutschke, A., Rese, A., & Baier, D. (2016). The effects of locational factors on the performance of innovation networks in the German energy sector. Sustainability, 8(12), 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasch, F., Robert, F., & Le Roy, F. (2013). Regional determinants of ICT new firm formation. Small Business Economics, 40(3), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9382-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavie, D., Kang, J., & Rosenkopf, L. (2011). Balance within and across domains: The performance implications of exploration and exploitation in alliances. Organization Science, 22(6), 1517–1538. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y. W., Moon, H.-C., & Yin, W. (2020). Innovation process in the business ecosystem: The four cooperations practices in the media platform. Business Process Management Journal, 26(4), 943–971. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-11-2019-0473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei, D. (1993). Offensive and defensive uses of alliances. Long Range Planning, 26(4), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(93)90055-K
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, S., Fei, W.-C., & Chen, C.-C. (2007). Knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability: An empirical study of Taiwan’s knowledge-intensive industries. Journal of Information Science, 33(3), 340–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506070739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linde, L., Sjödin, D., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2021). Dynamic capabilities for ecosystem orchestration a capability-based framework for smart city innovation initiatives. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrand, A., & Hånell, S. M. (2017). International and market-specific social capital effects on international opportunity exploitation in the internationalization process. Journal of World Business, 52(5), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2017.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, S.-J., Lin, H.-E., & McDonough, E. F. (2016). Knowledge acquisition in production networks: Effective strategies for system integrators and component specialists. Management and Organization Review, 12(4), 659–686. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2016.18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., & Zhang, H. (2022). Making things happen: How employees’ paradox mindset influences innovative performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1009209. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1009209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, H., & Zhang, Y. (2007). The role of managers’ political networking and functional experience in new venture performance: Evidence from China’s transition economy. Strategic Management Journal, 28(8), 791–804. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., Zhang, M. Y., & Zhang, H. (2020). Firm growth performance and relative innovation orientation of exploration vs exploitation: Moderating effects of cluster relationships. Management and Organization Review, 17(1), 143–172. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, Y. (2003). Industrial dynamics and managerial networking in an emerging market: The case of China. Strategic Management Journal, 24(13), 1315–1327. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, X., Slotegraaf, R. J., & Pan, X. (2006). Cross-functional “coopetition”: The simultaneous role of cooperation and competition within firms. Journal of Marketing, 70(2), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.2.067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyu, Y., He, B., Zhu, Y., & Li, L. (2019). Network embeddedness and inbound open innovation practice: The moderating role of technology cluster. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 144, 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.03.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood, I. P., Zhu, H., & Zajac, E. J. (2011). Where can capabilities come from? Network ties and capability acquisition in business groups. Strategic Management Journal, 32(8), 820–848. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.911
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maijanen, P., & Virta, S. (2017). Managing exploration and exploitation in a media organisation – a capability-based approach to ambidexterity. Journal of Media Business Studies, 14(2), 146–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2017.1290025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2002). The elusive concept of localization economies: Towards a knowledge-based theory of spatial clustering. Environment and Planning A, 34(3), 429–449. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Costa, M., Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Dine Rabeh, H. A. (2019). The effect of organisational learning on interorganisational collaborations in innovation: An empirical study in SMEs. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 17(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1538601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Pérez, Á., Elche, D., & García-Villaverde, P. M. (2019). From diversity of interorganizational relationships to radical innovation in tourism destination: The role of knowledge exploration. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11, 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, L. M., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., & Ringle, C. M. (2016). Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS: Part II – a case study. European Business Review, 28(2), 208–224. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-09-2015-0095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matzler, K., Abfalter, D. E., Mooradian, T. A., & Bailom, F. (2013). Corporate culture as an antecedent of successful exploration and exploitation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 17(5), 1350025. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919613500254
   Google Scholar
• McCann, B. T., & Folta, T. B. (2011). Performance differentials within geographic clusters. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 104–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.04.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEvily, B., & Marcus, A. (2005). Embedded ties and the acquisition of competitive capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 26(11), 1033–1055. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memon, M. A., Cheah, J.-H., Ramayah, T., Ting, H., Chuah, F., & Cham, T. H. (2019). Moderation analysis: Issues and guidelines. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.3(1)01
   Google Scholar
• Meng, Q., Hang, Y., & Chen, X. (2021). Network position and crowdsourcing innovation contribution behavior: The moderating role of knowledge absorption capacity. Complexity, 2021, e9969509. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9969509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migdadi, M. M. (2019). Organizational learning capability, innovation and organizational performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2018-0246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitrega, M., Forkmann, S., Zaefarian, G., & Henneberg, S. C. (2017). Networking capability in supplier relationships and its impact on product innovation and firm performance. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 37(5), 577–606. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-11-2014-0517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mom, T. J. M., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2007). Investigating managers’ exploration and exploitation activities: The influence of top-down, bottom-up, and horizontal knowledge inflows. Journal of Management Studies, 44(6), 910–931. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00697.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J. F. (1993). Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhopadhyay, S., & Bouwman, H. (2019). Orchestration and governance in digital platform ecosystems: A literature review and trends. Digital Policy, Regulation & Governance, 21(4), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-11-2018-0067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, J. M., Buliga, O., & Voigt, K.-I. (2021). The role of absorptive capacity and innovation strategy in the design of industry 4.0 business models—A comparison between SMEs and large enterprises. European Management Journal, 39(3), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mütterlein, J., & Hess, T. (2017). Exploring the impacts of virtual reality on business models: The case of the media industry. In Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems, Guimarães (pp. 3213–3222). ECIS. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2017_rip/68/
   Google Scholar
• Nachira, F., Dini, P., Nicolai, A., Le Louarn, M., & Rivera Léon, L. (2007). Digital business ecosystems: The results and the perspectives of the digital business ecosystem research and development activities in FP6. Office for Official Publications of the European Community.
   Google Scholar
• Nambisan, S., Wright, M., & Feldman, M. (2019). The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship: Progress, challenges and key themes. Research Policy, 48(8), 103773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.03.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures: Issues and applications. Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. V., Bruton, G. D., & Nguyen, B. T. (2016). Competitor concentration, networking, and customer acceptance: The case of small firms in Vietnam. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing & Logistics, 28(5), 964–983. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-12-2015-0204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). An overview of psychological measurement. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Clinical diagnosis of mental disorders (pp. 97–146). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2490-4_4
   Google Scholar
• Öberg, C. (2019). The role of business networks for innovation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(2), 124–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, A. (2004). The nature of networking in small firms. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 7(3), 206–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522750410540218
   Google Scholar
• O’Reilly, C. A., & Tushman, M. L. (2013). Organizational Ambidexterity: Past, present, and future. Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(4), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2013.0025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozer, M., & Zhang, W. (2015). The effects of geographic and network ties on exploitative and exploratory product innovation: Effects of geographic and network ties. Strategic Management Journal, 36(7), 1105–1114. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Päivi, M. (2022). Digital business ecosystems and dynamic capabilities. In S. Baumann (Ed.), Handbook on digital business ecosystems. Strategies, platforms, technologies, governance and societal challenges (pp. 50–62). Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, X., Chen, X., & Ning, L. (2018). Exploitative technological diversification, environmental contexts, and firm performance. Management Decision, 56(7), 1613–1629. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2017-0228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parida, V., Westerberg, M., & Frishammar, J. (2012). Inbound open innovation activities in high-tech SMEs: The impact on innovation performance: journal of small business management. Journal of Small Business Management, 50(2), 283–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00354.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partanen, J., Chetty, S. K., & Rajala, A. (2014). Innovation types and network relationships. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(5), 1027–1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00474.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedrosa, A. D. M., Välling, M., & Boyd, B. (2013). Knowledge related activities in open innovation: Managers’ characteristics and practices. International Journal of Technology Management, 61(3/4), 254. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2013.052670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pe’er, A., & Keil, T. (2013). Are all startups affected similarly by clusters? Agglomeration, competition, firm heterogeneity, and survival. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 354–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, M. W., & Luo, Y. (2000). Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: the nature of a micro-macro link. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 486–501. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petruzzelli, A. M., Ardito, L., & Savino, T. (2018). Maturity of knowledge inputs and innovation value: The moderating effect of firm age and size. Journal of Business Research, 86, 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard, R. G. (2008). Media clusters: Local agglomeration in an industry developing networked virtual clusters. Jönköping International Business School Jönköping.
   Google Scholar
• Pi, S., Liu, S., & Liu, L. (2017). Dynamic competitive behavior of enterprises in multi-network: Evidence from Chinese animation industry. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00993a
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. (1990). Competitive advantage of nations. Competitive Intelligence Review, 1(1), 14–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cir.3880010112
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global Economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124240001400105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Propris, L. D. (2002). Types of innovation and inter-firm co-operation. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 14(4), 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620210144974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raisch, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2008). Organizational Ambidexterity: Antecedents, outcomes, and moderators. Journal of Management, 34(3), 375–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauschnabel, P. A., Felix, R., Hinsch, C., Shahab, H., & Alt, F. (2022). What is XR? Towards a framework for augmented and virtual reality. Computers in Human Behavior, 133, 107289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., Wrightsman, L. S., & Andrews, F. M. (Eds.). (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, W. T., & Robertson, D. C. (2007). Compound relationships between firms. Journal of Marketing, 71(3), 108–123. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.3.108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothaermel, F. T., & Deeds, D. L. (2006). Alliance type, alliance experience and alliance management capability in high-technology ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(4), 429–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowley, T., Behrens, D., & Krackhardt, D. (2000). Redundant governance structures: An analysis of structural and relational embeddedness in the Steel and Semiconductor Industries. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<369:AID-SMJ93>3.0.CO;2-M
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sari, T. D. R., & Sukmasari, D. (2018). Does organizational learning and innovation influence performance? Journal of Behavioural Economics, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting and Transport, 6(1), 22–25. Article 1. https://doi.org/10.12691/jbe-6-1-3
   Google Scholar
• Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, & A. Vomberg (Eds.), Handbook of market research (pp. 1–40). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1
   Google Scholar
• Scaringella, L., & Radziwon, A. (2018). Innovation, entrepreneurial, knowledge, and business ecosystems: Old wine in new bottles? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 59–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.09.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schøtt, T., & Wickstrøm Jensen, K. (2016). Firms’ innovation benefiting from networking and institutional support: A global analysis of national and firm effects. Research Policy, 45(6), 1233–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, H., & Davis, S. M. (1981). Matching corporate culture and business strategy. Organizational Dynamics, 10(1), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(81)90010-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwens, C., Zapkau, F. B., Bierwerth, M., Isidor, R., Knight, G., & Kabst, R. (2018). WITHDRAWN–administrative duplicate publication—international entrepreneurship: A meta–analysis on the internationalization and performance relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Etap, 12280. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12280
   Google Scholar
• Seepana, C., Paulraj, A., & Huq, F. A. (2020). The architecture of coopetition: Strategic intent, ambidextrous managers, and knowledge sharing. Industrial Marketing Management, 91, 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.08.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selander, L., Henfridsson, O., & Svahn, F. (2010). Transforming Ecosystem Relationships in digital innovation. ICIS 2010 Proceedings, 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Selander, L., Henfridsson, O., & Svahn, F. (2013). Capability search and redeem across Digital ecosystems. Journal of Information Technology, 28(3), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2013.14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senyo, P. K., Liu, K., & Effah, J. (2019). Digital business ecosystem: Literature review and a framework for future research. International Journal of Information Management, 47, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra, K., & García, N. (2013). Factors contributing to product innovation in a value chain: Three case studies. Journal of Innovation Management in Small & Medium Enterprise, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5171/2013.330105
   Google Scholar
• Shi, X., Lu, L., Zhang, W., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Managing open innovation from a knowledge flow perspective: The roles of embeddedness and network inertia in collaboration networks. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 1011–1034. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2019-0200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shipilov, A. V. (2009). Firm scope experience, historic multimarket contact with Partners, centrality, and the relationship between structural holes and performance. Organization Science, 20(1), 85–106. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, J. (2005). Collaborative networks as determinants of knowledge diffusion patterns. Management Science, 51(5), 756–770. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1040.0349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinkula, J. M. (1994). Market information processing and organizational learning. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirén, C. A., Kohtamäki, M., & Kuckertz, A. (2012). Exploration and exploitation strategies, profit performance, and the mediating role of strategic learning: Escaping the exploitation trap. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 18–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C. (1995). Market orientation and the learning organization. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 63. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava, M. K., & Gnyawali, D. R. (2011). When do relational resources matter? Leveraging portfolio technological resources for breakthrough innovation. Academy of Management Journal, 54(4), 797–810. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2011.64870140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stam, W., & Elfring, T. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance: The moderating role of intra- and extraindustry social capital. Academy of Management Journal, 51(1), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.30744031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stettner, U., & Lavie, D. (2014). Ambidexterity under scrutiny: Exploration and exploitation via internal organization, alliances, and acquisitions: Exploration and exploitation. Strategic Management Journal, 35(13), 1903–1929. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Tan, C., Robertson, S., Liu, K., Cook, M., & Collins, C. (2016). Open digital business ecosystems: A pathway for value Co-creation. In M. C. C. Baranauskas, K. Liu, L. Sun, V. P. de, A. Neris, R. Bonacin, & K. Nakata (Eds.), Socially aware organisations and technologies. Impact and challenges (Vol. 477, pp. 85–94). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42102-5_10
   Google Scholar
• Su, Z., & Yang, H. (2018). Managerial ties and exploratory innovation: An opportunity-motivation-ability perspective. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 65(2), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2017.2782730
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, B., Pan, S. L., Lu, X., & Huang, L. (2009). Leveraging digital business ecosystems for enterprise agility: the tri-logic development strategy of alibaba.com. ICIS 2009 Proceedings, 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Tavalaei, M. M., & Cennamo, C. (2021). In search of complementarities within and across platform ecosystems: Complementors’ relative standing and performance in mobile apps ecosystems. Long Range Planning, 54(5), 101994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2020.101994
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellis, G. J., Prabhu, J. C., & Chandy, R. K. (2009). Radical innovation across nations: The preeminence of corporate culture. Journal of Marketing, 73(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.1.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Therin, F. (2003). Learning Organization and innovation performance in high-tech small firms. Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Tortoriello, M. (2015). The social underpinnings of absorptive capacity: The moderating effects of structural holes on innovation generation based on external knowledge. Strategic Management Journal, 36(4), 586–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, W. (2001). Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 996–1004. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069443
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsouri, M., & Pegoretti, G. (2021). Structure and resilience of local knowledge networks: The case of the ICT network in Trentino. Industry and Innovation, 28(7), 860–879. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2020.1775070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tushman, M. L., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165852
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tüten, D., & Ascigil, S. (2014). Antecedents of innovativeness: Entrepreneurial team characteristics and networking. Journal of Innovation Management, 2(1), 83–103. Article 1. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_002.001_0007
   Google Scholar
• Uphaus, P. O., Ehlers, A., Rau, H., & Beringer, B. (2023). Critical capabilities in local media management – the recognition and perception of technological opportunities. Journal of Media Business Studies, 21(1), 51–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2023.2207450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzzi, B. (1996). The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The network effect. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 674–698. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaitoonkiat, E., & Charoensukmongkol, P. (2020). Stakeholder orientation’s contribution to firm performance: The moderating effect of perceived market uncertainty. Management Research Review, 43(7), 863–883. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-07-2019-0296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vestal, A., & Danneels, E. (2018). Knowledge exchange in clusters: The contingent role of regional inventive concentration. Research Policy, 47(10), 1887–1903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.06.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Hippel, E. (1987). Cooperation between rivals: Informal know-how trading. Research Policy, 16(6), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(87)90015-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorhees, C. M., Brady, M. K., Calantone, R., & Ramirez, E. (2016). Discriminant validity testing in marketing: An analysis, causes for concern, and proposed remedies. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0455-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M.-C., & Chen, M.-H. (2016). The more, the better? The impact of closure collaboration network and network structures on technology-based new ventures’ performance: Technology-based new ventures’ performance. R&D Management, 46(S1), 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M.-C., Chen, P.-C., & Fang, S.-C. (2018). A critical view of knowledge networks and innovation performance: The mediation role of firms’ knowledge integration capability. Journal of Business Research, 88, 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Li, J., & Huang, S. (2018). The asymmetric effects of local and global network ties on firms’ innovation performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 33(3), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2016-0252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, R. D., & Miller, C. D. (2020). Complementors’ engagement in an ecosystem: A study of publishers’ e-book offerings on amazon kindle. Strategic Management Journal, 41(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., & Sun, B. (2019). Firm heterogeneity and innovation diffusion performance: Absorptive capacities. Management Decision, 58(4), 725–742. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2018-0245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wareham, J., Fox, P. B., & Cano Giner, J. L. (2014). Technology ecosystem governance. Organization Science, 25(4), 1195–1215. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0895
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2006). Organizational learning, commitment, and joint value creation in interfirm relationships. Journal of Business Research, 59(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yam, R. C. M., & Chan, C. (2015). Knowledge sharing, commitment and opportunism in new product development. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 35(7), 1056–1074. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-01-2014-0037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluative essay on Current conceptions of effective leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398429
   Google Scholar
• Zabel, C., & Telkmann, V. (2020). The adoption of emerging technology-driven media innovations. A comparative study of the introduction of virtual and augmented reality in the media and manufacturing industries. Journal of Media Business Studies, 18(4), 235–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2020.1839172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zang, J. (2018). Structural holes, exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. Management Decision, 56(8), 1682–1695. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2017-0485
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., Shu, C., Jiang, X., & Malter, A. J. (2010). Managing knowledge for innovation: The role of cooperation, competition, and alliance nationality. Journal of International Marketing, 18(4), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.18.4.74
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., Gou, J., & Ying, W. (2020). Developing digital business ecosystems to create collaborative value in supply-chain finance. In L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, & A. Ortiz (Eds.), Boosting collaborative networks (Vol. 4, pp. 31–43). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62412-5_3
   Google Scholar
• Zhong, X., Ren, G., & Wu, X. (2023). Not all innovation is prioritized: Economic policy uncertainty, industry environmental, and firms’ relative exploitative innovation emphasis. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2023-0006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, K. Z., Yim, C. K., & Tse, D. K. (2005). The effects of strategic orientations on technology- and market-based breakthrough innovations. Journal of Marketing, 69(2), 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.69.2.42.60756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar