Testing an intervention to stimulate early adolescents’ news literacy application in the Netherlands: A classroom experiment

References

• Ashley, S., Maksl, A., & Craft, S. (2013). Developing a news media literacy scale. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 68(1), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077695812469802
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307–337). Information Age Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models Usinglme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1). https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertucci, A., Conte, S., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2010). The impact of size of cooperative group on achievement, social support, and self-esteem. The Journal of General Psychology: Experimental, Psychological, and Comparative Psychology, 137(3), 256–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2010.484448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolker, B. (2022, October 5). GLMM FAQ. http://bbolker.github.io/mixedmodels-misc/glmmFAQ.html#should-i-treat-factor-xxx-as-fixed-or-random
   Google Scholar
• Bürkner, P. (2017). Brms: An r package for bayesian multilevel models using stan. Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v080.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craft, S., Ashley, S., & Maksl, A. (2016). Elements of news literacy: A focus group study of how teenagers define news and why they consume it. Electronic News, 10(3), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243116656716
   Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. Project Gutenberg. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/852/852-h/852-h.htm
   Google Scholar
• Edgerly, S., Thorson, K., Thorson, E., Vraga, E. K., & Bode, L. (2018). Do parents still model news consumption? Socializing news use among adolescents in a multi-device world. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1263–1281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816688451
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgerly, S., & Vraga, E. K. (2020). Deciding what’s news: News-ness as an audience concept for the hybrid media environment. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(2), 416–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699020916808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture, [European Commission]. (2022). Final report of the Commission expert group on tackling disinformation and promoting digital literacy through education and training: Final report. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/283100
   Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. D., & Fisher, W. A. (2002). The information-motivation-behavioral skills model. In R. J. DiClemente, R. A. Crosby, & M. C. Kegler (Eds.), Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: Strategies for improving public health (pp. 40–70). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Geers, S., Boukes, M., & Moeller, J. (2020). Bridging the gap? The impact of a media literacy educational intervention on news media literacy, political knowledge, political efficacy among lower-educated youth. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 12(2), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2020-12-2-4
   Google Scholar
• Groot Kormelink, T. (2020). Seeing, thinking, feeling: A critical reflection on interview-based methods for studying news use. Journalism Studies, 21(7), 863–878. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1716829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groot Kormelink, T., & Costera Meijer, I. (2020). A user perspective on time spent: Temporal experiences of everyday news use. Journalism Studies, 21(2), 271–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1639538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hameleers, M. (2022). Separating truth from lies: Comparing the effects of news media literacy interventions and fact-checkers in response to political misinformation in the US and Netherlands. Information, Communication & Society, 25(1), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1764603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbs, R. (2010). Digital and media literacy: A plan of action. A white paper on the digital and media literacy recommendations of the knight commission on the information needs of communities in a democracy [White paper]. Aspen Institute. Retrieved from https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Digital_and_Media_Literacy.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jeong, S. H., Cho, H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Media literacy interventions: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Communication, 62(3), 454–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01643.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, S. A., Walsh, J. L., & Weinhardt, L. S. (2017). The information–motivation–behavioral skills model revisited: A network-perspective structural equation model within a public sexually transmitted infection clinic sample of hazardous alcohol users. AIDS and Behavior, 21(4), 1208–1218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1446-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleemans, M., & Eggink, G. (2016). Understanding news: The impact of media literacy education on teenagers’ news literacy. Journalism Education, 5(1), 74–88. https://journalism-education.org/2020/07/understanding-news-the-impact-of-media-literacy-education-on-teenagers-news-literacy/
   Google Scholar
• Kusurkar, R. A., Croiset, G., & Ten Cate, O. T. J. (2011). Twelve tips to stimulate intrinsic motivation in students through autonomy-supportive classroom teaching derived from self-determination theory. Medical Teacher, 33(12), 978–982. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2011.599896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P. B., & Christensen, R. H. B. (2017). lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. Journal of Statistical Software, 82(13), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, S. S., & Tan, K. R. (2020). Front liners fighting fake news: Global perspectives on mobilizing young people as media literacy advocates. Journal of Children and Media, 14(4), 529–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2020.1827817
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Literat, I., Chang, Y. K., & Hsu, S. Y. (2020). Gamifying fake news: Engaging youth in the participatory design of news literacy games. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 26(3), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856520925732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maksl, A., Ashley, S., & Craft, S. (2015). Measuring news media literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 6(3), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-6-3-3
   Google Scholar
• McCombs, M., Holbert, L., Kiousis, S., & Wanta, W. (2011). The news and public opinion. Media effects on civic life. Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., & Klein Nielsen, R. (2019). Reuters institute digital news report. Retrieved from: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/our-research/digital-news-report-2019
   Google Scholar
• Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Robertson, C. T., Eddy, K., & Nielsen, R. K. (2022). Reuters institute digital news report 2022. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2022
   Google Scholar
• Notley, T., Dezuanni, M., Zhong, H. F., & Howden, S. (2017). News and Australia’s children: How young people access, perceive and are affected by the news. Retrieved from https://researchdirect.westernsydney.edu.au/
   Google Scholar
• Potter, W. J. (2004). Theory of media literacy: A cognitive approach. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Potter, W. J. (2022). Analyzing the distinction between protectionism and empowerment as perspectives on media literacy education. Journal of Media Literacy Education Pre-Prints. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/jmle-preprints/34
   Google Scholar
• Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2019). Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Palgrave Communications, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0279-9
   Google Scholar
• Rozendaal, E. (2017). Media-empowerment. Retrieved from: https://www.mediaenmaatschappij.nl/images/artikelen/2017/Media-empowerment%20door%20Dr.%20E.%20Rozendaal,%20Radboud%20Universiteit%20Nijmegen.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rstudio Team. (2022). RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. Rstudio, PBC. http://www.rstudio.com/
   Google Scholar
• Russo, S., & Stattin, H. (2017). Stability and change in youths’ political interest. Social Indicators Research, 132(2), 643–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1302-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., Livingstone, S., & Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU kids online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. EU Kids Online. https://doi.org/10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo
   Google Scholar
• Smith, E. E., Kahlke, R., & Judd, T. (2020). Not just digital natives: Integrating technologies in professional education contexts. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5689
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez-Alvarez, J. (2021). Are 15-year-olds prepared to deal with fake news and misinformation? PISA in Focus, 113. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/6ad5395e-en
   Google Scholar
• Swart, J. (2021). Tactics of news literacy: How young people access, evaluate, and engage with news on social media. Advanced online publication. New Media & Society, 25(3), 505–521. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211011447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamboer, S. L. (2023). Do learning-by-doing interventions work for early adolescents? co-evaluating a news literacy intervention. Media Education Research Journal, 23(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8192116
   Google Scholar
• Tamboer, S. L., Daalmans, S., Molenaar, I., Bosse, T., & Kleemans, M. (2022). How to increase news literate behaviors via interventions: Eight guidelines by early adolescents. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 77(4), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958221096198
   Google Scholar
• Tamboer, S. L., Kleemans, M., & Daalmans, S. (2022). ‘We are a neeeew generation’: Early adolescents’ views on news and news literacy. Journalism, 23(4), 806–822. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920924527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamboer, S. L., Kleemans, M., Molenaar, I., & Bosse, T. (2023). Developing a model of news literacy in early adolescents: A survey study. Mass Communication and Society, 26(1), 74‒98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2022.2048027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tully, M., Maksl, A., Ashley, S., Vraga, E. K., & Craft, S. (2022). Defining and conceptualizing news literacy. Journalism, 23(8), 1589–1606. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211005888
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahedi, Z., Sibalis, A., & Sutherland, J. E. (2018). Are media literacy interventions effective at changing attitudes and intentions towards risky health behaviors in adolescents? A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescence, 67(1), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valkenburg, P. M., & Piotrowski, J. T. (2017). Plugged in: How media attract and affect youth. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300218879.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Van Damme, K., Janssens, C., & Vanhenden, W. (2022). Nieuwsbarometer: Vinger aan de pols rond jongeren en (nep)nieuws [“Nieuwsbarometer”: Finger on the pulse surrounding youth and (fake)news]. https://www.arteveldehogeschool.be/sites/default/files/nieuwsbarometer_2022_arteveldehogeschool.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Van Damme, K., & Van Leuven, S. (2019). But what’s in it for me? News literacy among teenagers [conference presentation]. ECREA Journalism Studies Conference, Vienna, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Vraga, E. K., & Tully, M. (2021). News literacy, social media behaviors, and skepticism toward information on social media. Information, Communication & Society, 24(2), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1637445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vraga, E. K., Tully, M., Kotcher, J. E., Smithson, A. B., & Broeckelman-Post, M. (2015). A multi-dimensional approach to measuring news media literacy. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 7(3), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.23860/jmle-7-3-4
   Google Scholar
• Vraga, E. K., Tully, M., Maksl, A., Craft, S., & Ashley, S. (2021). Theorizing news literacy behaviors. Advanced online publication. Communication Theory, 31(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtaa005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• York, C., & Scholl, R. M. (2015). Youth antecedents to news media consumption: Parent and youth newspaper use, news discussion, and long-term news behavior. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92(3), 681–699. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015588191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar