References
- Ahola, K., T. Honkonen, E. Isometsä, R. Kalimo, E. Nykyri, S. Koskinen, A. Aromaa, and J. Lönnqvist. 2006. “Burnout in the General Population. Results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 41 (1): 11–17. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0011-5.
- Alam, A. S., and W. Alam. 2020. “COVID-19 Challenges for Journalists.” New Age, May 12, 2020. https://www.newagebd.net/article/106209/COVID-19-challenges-for-journalists.
- Antara, N. F. 2020. “Survey: Over 60% of Local Newspapers Have Shut Down in COVID-19 Pandemic.” Dhaka Tribune, July 11, 2020. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020/07/11/survey-over-60-of-local-newspapers-have-shut-down-in-COVID-19-pandemic.
- Azad, A. K. n.d.a. “Bangladesh.” Media Landscapes. https://medialandscapes.org/country/bangladesh/media/digital-media.
- Azad, A. K. n.d.b. “Bangladesh.” Media Landscapes. https://medialandscapes.org/country/bangladesh/organisations/trade-unions.
- Bhutan Media Foundation. 2019. More journalists leave the industry, August 13. Bhutan Media Foundation. http://www.bmf.bt/more-journalists-leave-the-industry/#:~:text = Hundreds%20of%20Bhutanese%20journalists%20have,for%20a%20number%20of%20reasons.
- Chan, K., A. Huang, K. Krainer, S. Diehl, and R. Terlutter. 2015. “Job Burnout among Communication Professionals in Hong Kong: An Exploratory Study.” Intercultural Communication Studies 24 (3): 78–93.
- Corraya, S. 2020. “COVID-19: Almost 700 Journalists Infected, 27 Dead, a Thousand Jobless.” Asia News, June 8, 2020. http://www.asianews.it/news-en/COVID-19:-almost-700-journalists-infected,-27-dead,-a-thousand-jobless-50737.html.
- Craig, D. A. 1999. “Influences on Editing Quality at the Daily Oklahoman.” Newspaper Research Journal 20 (3): 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953299902000305
- Etikan, I., S. A. Musa, and R. S. Alkassim. 2016. “Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling.” American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics 5 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11.
- Freudenberger, H. J. 1974. “Staff Burn-Out.” Journal of Social Issues 30 (1): 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x.
- Hare, K. 2020. “The Journalists and Colleagues We’ve Lost to the Coronavirus.” Poynter, September 10, 2020. https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2020/the-journalists-and-colleagues-weve-lost-to-the-coronavirus/.
- Horton, R. L., and D. J. Duncan. 1978. “A New Look at Telephone Interviewing Methodology.” The Pacific Sociological Review 21 (3): 259–273. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388847.
- Huda, K. N., and A. K. Azad. 2015. “Professional Stress in Journalism: A Study on Electronic Media Journalists of Bangladesh.” Advances in Journalism and Communication 3 (04): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2015.34009.
- Hughes, S., L. Iesue, H. F. de Ortega Bárcenas, J. C. Sandoval, and J. C. Lozano. 2021. “Coping with Occupational Stress in Journalism: Professional Identities and Advocacy as Resources.” Journalism Studies 22 (8): 971–991. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1910543.
- Islam, A. 2020. “Attacked and Harassed — How Bangladeshi Journalists Are Paying the Price for COVID-19 Reporting.” DW, May 4, 2020. https://www.dw.com/en/attacked-and-harassedhow-bangladeshi-journalists-are-paying-the-price-for-COVID-19-reporting/a-53329494.
- Islam, K. M. A., M. S. Ali, A. Islam, S. K. Nobel, N. H. Shajib, M. A. A. M. Chowdhury, and R. Islam. 2020. “Safety Measures of Journalists During Corona Pandemic in Bangladesh.” Global Journal of Human-Social Science 20 (11): 29–45. https://doi.org/10.34257/GJHSSAVOL20IS11PG29
- Islam, M. A., S. B. Quarmal, and A. Das. 2021. “An Investigation Into Risks to Mental Health of Bangladeshi Journalists.” In Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism, 167–193. IGI Global.
- Jung, J., and Y. Kim. 2012. “Causes of Newspaper Firm Employee Burnout in Korea and Its Impact on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 23 (17): 3636–3651. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.654806.
- Kumer, P. 2019. “A Study of Professional Burnout in Newsrooms of Top Media Houses in New Delhi.” Global Journal for Research Analysis 8 (2): 65–67.
- Lindblom, K. M., S. J. Linton, C. Fedeli, and I. L. Bryngelsson. 2006. “Burnout in the Working Population: Relations to Psychosocial Work Factors.” International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 13: 51–59.
- MacDonald, J. B., A. J. Saliba, G. Hodgins, and L. A. Ovington. 2016. “Burnout in Journalists: A Systematic Literature Review.” Burnout Research 3 (2): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2016.03.001.
- Maslach, C., and S. E. Jackson. 1981. “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 2 (2): 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205.
- Maslach, C., S. E. Jackson, and M. P. Leiter. 1996. Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. 3rd ed. Mountain View, CA: CPP Inc.
- Matthews, J., and K. Onyemaobi. 2020. “Precarious Professionalism: Journalism and the Fragility of Professional Practice in the Global South.” Journalism Studies 21 (13): 1836–1851. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2020.1797524.
- Maxwell, J. A. 2012. Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach. Vol. 41. Sage.
- McCluskey, M. 2020. “Estimates of COVID-19’s Impact on Journalism Fail to Count Freelancers, Whose Livelihoods Have Vanished Overnight.” Poynter, June 23, 2020. https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2020/estimates-of-COVID-19s-impact-on-journalism-fail-to-count-freelancers-whose-livelihoods-have-vanished-overnight/.
- McCracken, G. 1988. The Long Interview. Vol. 13. Sage.
- Media Landscapes. 2022. Bangladesh. https://medialandscapes.org/country/bangladesh.
- Morrish, L. 2020. “How to Stay Mentally Well While Reporting on the Coronavirus.” First Draft, September 18, 2020. https://firstdraftnews.org/latest/how-to-stay-sane-while-reporting-on-the-coronavirus/.
- MRDI. 2020. Shandbadiker Coronakal: Mather Obhiggota [Journalists during Corona: Experiences from the field] [PowerPoint slides]. Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI), September 13, 2020. https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/anik?projector = 1.
- O’Donnell, P., and L. Zion. 2019. “Precarity in Media Work.” In Making Media: Production, Practices, and Professions, edited by M. Prenger and M. Deuze, 223–234. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048540150.016
- Örnebring, H. 2018. “Journalists Thinking About Precarity: Making Sense of the “New Normal”.” International Symposium on Online Journalism 8 (1): 109–127.
- Perreault, M. F., and G. P. Perreault. 2021. “Journalists on COVID-19 Journalism: Communication Ecology of Pandemic Reporting.” American Behavioral Scientist 65 (7): 976–991. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764221992813.
- Perreault, G., M. F. Perreault, and P. Maares. 2022. “Metajournalistic Discourse as a Stabilizer Within the Journalistic Field: Journalistic Practice in the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journalism Practice 16 (2-3): 365–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.1949630.
- Petrequin, S. 2020. “Journalists’ Working Conditions Hit Hard by Coronavirus.” AP, April 30, 2020. https://apnews.com/47db5132af91c52d6c0757aa59ffed2b.
- Posetti, J., E. Bell, and P. Brown. 2020. “Journalism and Pandemic: A Global Snapshot of Impacts.” ICFJ. https://www.icfj.org/our-work/journalism-and-pandemic-survey.
- Press Emblem Campaign. 2021. “Press Emblem Campaign.” Pressemblem, July 6, 2021. https://www.pressemblem.ch/pec-news.
- Rafe, R. 2019. “Job Uncertainty Restricts Journalists’ Freedom in Bangladesh.” DW, December 9, 2019. https://www.dw.com/en/job-uncertainty-restricts-journalists-freedom-in-bangladesh/a-51596703.
- Raudenská, J., V. Steinerová, A. Javůrková, I. Urits, A. D. Kaye, O. Viswanath, and G. Varrassi. 2020. “Occupational Burnout Syndrome And Post-Traumatic Stress Among Healthcare Professionals During The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.” Best Practice and Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 34: 553–560.
- Reinardy, S. 2008. “Survey Measures Burnout in Newspaper Sports Editors.” Newspaper Research Journal 29 (2): 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953290802900204.
- Reinardy, S. 2009. “Female Journalists More Likely to Leave Newspapers.” Newspaper Research Journal 30 (3): 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953290903000304.
- Reinardy, S. 2011. “Newspaper Journalism in Crisis: Burnout on the Rise, Eroding Young Journalists’ Career Commitment.” Journalism 12 (1): 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884910385188.
- Reinardy, S. 2013. “Depleted Resources Causing Burnout for Layoff Survivors.” Newspaper Research Journal 34 (3): 6–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953291303400302.
- Richardsen, A. M., and M. Martinussen. 2005. “Factorial Validity and Consistency of the MBI-GS Across Occupational Groups in Norway.” International Journal of Stress Management 12 (3.
- Safa, M. N., and T. Akter. 2015. “Challenges of Female Journalists in Bangladesh.” Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (5): 207–214. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20150305.17
- Schaufeli, W. B., M. P. Leiter, and C. Maslach. 2009. “Burnout: 35 Years of Research and Practice.” Career Development International 14 (3): 204–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406.
- Schaufeli, W. B., M. Salanova, V. González-Romá, and A. B. Bakker. 2002. “The Measurement of Engagement And Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach.” Journal of Happiness studies 3: 71–92.
- Schutte, N., S. Toppinen, R. Kalimo, and W. Schaufeli. 2000. “The Factorial Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) Across Occupational Groups and Nations.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 73 (1): 53–66.
- Sharifuzzaman. 2020. “Only 86 Newspapers Being Published, 254 Shut Down.” Prothom Alo, July 3, 2020. https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/only-86-newspapers-being-published-254-shut-down-2.
- Talaee, N., M. Varahram, H. Jamaati, A. Salimi, M. Attarchi, M. Kazempour Dizaji, M. Sadr, et al. 2020. “Stress and Burnout in Health Care Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: Validation of a Questionnaire.” Journal of Public Health: From Theory to Practice 30: 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01313-z
- Toppinen-Tanner, S., R. Kalimo, and P. Mutanen. 2002. “The Process of Burnout in White-Collar And Blue-Collar Jobs: Eight year Prospective Study of Exhaustion.” Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior 23 (5): 555–570.
- Uddin, S., and J. Rigby. 2020. “Bangladesh: 21 Journalists Die of Suspected COVID-19 as Epidemic Gathers Pace.” The Telegraph, July 13, 2020. telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/bangladesh-21-journalists-die-suspected-COVID-19-epidemic-gathers/.
- Woodruff, D. M. 2020. Jumping from Journalism–Why Broadcast Journalists Leave the Field. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8439/