TikTok and Black political consumerism: Investigating how TikTok use is linked to Black Americans’ activism and identity

References

• Abbas, L., Fahmy, S., Ayad, S., Ibrahim, M., & Ali, A. (2022). Tiktok intifada: Analyzing social media activism Among youth. Online Media and Global Communication, 1(2), 287–314. https://doi.org/10.1515/omgc-2022-0014
   Google Scholar
• Akbar, M., & Wymer, W. (2017). Refining the conceptualization of brand authenticity. The Journal of Brand Management, 24(1), 14–32. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-016-0023-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appiah, O. (2018). Cultural voyeurism: A new framework for understanding race, ethnicity, and mediated intergroup interaction. Journal of Communication, 68(2), 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avery, J. M. (2009). Political mistrust among African Americans and support for the political system. Political Research Quarterly, 62(1), 132–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912908316342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, U. (1996). World risk society as a cosmopolitan society? Ecological questions in a framework of manufactured uncertainties. Theory Culture & Society, 13(4), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276496013004001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, A. B., & Copeland, L. (2016). Networked publics: How connective social media use facilitates political consumerism among LGBT Americans. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 13(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2015.1131655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, L., & Entman, R. S. (2001). Mediated politics: Communication in the future of democracy. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boffone, T. (2021). Renegades: Digital dance cultures from dubsmash to TikTok. Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Bond, B. J., & Miller, B. (2021). Youtube as my space: The relationships between YouTube, social connectedness, and (collective) self-esteem among LGBTQ individuals. New Media & Society, https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211061830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulianne, S. (2019). Revolution in the making? Social media effects across the globe. Information, Communication & Society, 22(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1353641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulianne, S., Copeland, L., & Koc-Michalska, K. (2022). Digital media and political consumerism in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. New Media & Society, Advance Online Publication, https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221083025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulianne, S., & Larsson, A. O. (2023). Engagement with candidate posts on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook during the 2019 election. New Media & Society, 25(1), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211009504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D., Wilner, T., Masullo, G., & Bennett, L. (November, 2020). News distrust among Black Americans is a fixable problem. Center for Media Engagement. https://mediaengagement.org/research/news-distrust-among-black-americans.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, N. M. (2015). Freedom’s stock: Political consumerism, transnational blackness and the Black Star Line. Critical Sociology, 41(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920514529675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruns, A., & Burgess, J. (2011). The use of twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics. In A. Bruns, & P. De Wilde (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th European consortium for political research (ECPR) general conference 2011 (pp. 1–9). The European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR).
   Google Scholar
• Cabrera, J., & Hassett, C. (2020, November 20). Tiktok politics: Video-sharing app users move from hobby to headlines. Arizona PBS. https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2020/11/02/tiktok-politics-video-sharing-app-users-move-from-hobby-to-headlines/.
   Google Scholar
• Cervi, L., & Divon, T. (2023). Playful activism: Memetic performances of Palestinian resistance in TikTok #challenges. Social Media + Society, 9(1), 205630512311576. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231157607
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Z., Zhang, B., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2022). Antecedents of political consumerism: Modeling online, social media and WhatsApp news use effects through political expression and political discussion. The International Journal of Press/Politics, https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612221075936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland. (2014). Value change and political action: Postmaterialism, political consumerism, and political participation. American Politics Research, 42(2), 257–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X13494235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland, L., & Boulianne, S. (2022). Political consumerism: A meta-analysis. International Political Science Review, 43(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251212090504
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corning, A. F., & Myers, D. J. (2002). Individual Orientation Toward Engagement in Social Action. Political Psychology, 23(4), 703–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couldry, N., & van Dijck, J. (2015). Researching social media as if the social mattered. Social Media + Society, 1(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115604174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtin, N., & McGarty, C. (2016). Expanding on psychological theories of engagement to understand activism in context(s). Journal of Social Issues, 72(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyca, M. (2022, March 9). 24 important TikTok stats marketers need to know in 2022. Hootsuite. https://blog.hootsuite.com/tiktok-stats/.
   Google Scholar
• Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans know about politics and why it matters. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Diehl, T., Weeks, B. E., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2016). Political persuasion on social media: Tracing direct and indirect effects of news use and social interaction. New Media & Society, 18(9), 1875–1895. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815616224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duggan, M., & Smith, A. (2016, October 25). The political environment on social media. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2016/10/25/the-political-environment-on-social-media/.
   Google Scholar
• Ekman, J., & Amnå, E. (2012). Political participation and civic engagement: Towards a new typology. Human Affairs (Bratislava, Slovakia), 22(3), 283–300. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13374-012-0024-1
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson Krutrök, M., & Åkerlund, M. (2022). Through a white lens: Black victimhood, visibility, and whiteness in the Black Lives Matter movement on TikTok. Information, Communication & Society, ahead-of-print, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2065211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, S. K., Pearce, K. E., Vitak, J., & Treem, J. W. (2017). Explicating affordances: A conceptual framework for understanding affordances in communication research. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 22(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrucci, P., Hopp, T., & Vargo, C. J. (2020). Civic engagement, social capital, and ideological extremity: Exploring online political engagement and political expression on Facebook. New Media & Society, 22(6), 1095–1115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819873110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freelon, D., McIlwain, C., & Clark, M. (2018). Quantifying the power and consequences of social media protest. New Media & Society, 20(3), 990–1011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816676646
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, M. (1999). Consumer boycotts: Effecting change through the marketplace and the media. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fujioka, Y., & Neuendorf, K. A. (2015). Media, racial identity, and mainstream American values. The Howard Journal of Communications, 26(4), 352–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2015.1049762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil de Zúñiga, H., Copeland, L., & Bimber, B. (2014). Political consumerism: Civic engagement and the social media connection. New Media & Society, 16(3), 488–506. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813487960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals’ social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 17(3), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautea, S., Parks, P., Takahashi, B., & Zeng, J. (2021). Showing they care (or don’t): Affective publics and ambivalent climateactivism on TikTok. Social Media + Society, 7(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211012344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrman. (2020, June 28). TikTok Is Shaping Politics. But How?. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/28/style/tiktok-teen-politics-gen-z.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hogg, M. A., & Reid, S. A. (2006). Social identity, self-categorization, and the communication of group norms. Communication Theory, 16(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00003.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, E. C., Gugwor, R., Riddick, K. N., & Pender, K. N. (2019a). Engaged against the machine: Institutional and cultural racial discrimination and racial identity as predictors of activism orientation among black youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 63(1-2), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hope, E. C., Pender, K. N., & Riddick, K. N. (2019b). Development and validation of the black community activism orientation scale. Journal of Black Psychology, 45(3), 185–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798419865416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huckfeldt, R., Beck, P., Dalton, R., & Levine, J. (1995). Political environments, cohesive social groups, and the communication of public opinion. American Journal of Political Science, 39(4), 1025–1054. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janfaza, R. (2020, June 4). TikTok serves as hub for #blacklivesmatter activism. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/04/politics/tik-tok-black-lives-matter/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Kam, C. D., & Deichert, M. (2020). Boycotting, buycotting, and the psychology of political consumerism. The Journal of Politics, 82(1), 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1086/705922
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karizat, N., Delmonaco, D., Eslami, M., & Andalibi, N. (2021). Algorithmic folk theories and identity: How TikTok users co-produce knowledge of identity and engage in algorithmic resistance. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW2), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1145/3476046
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaur-Gill. (2023). The cultural customization of TikTok: Subaltern migrant workers and their digital cultures. Media International Australia Incorporating Culture & Policy, 186(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X221110279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaye, D. B. V., Zeng, J., & Wikstrom, P. (2022). Tiktok: Creativity and culture in short video. Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Kelm, O., & Dohle, M. (2018). Information, communication and political consumerism: How (online) information and (online) communication influence boycotts and buycotts. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1523–1542. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817699842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., Hsu, S., & de Zúñiga, H. G. (2013). Influence of social media use on discussion network heterogeneity and civic engagement: The moderating role of personality traits. Journal of Communication, 63(3), 498–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopmans, R., & Schaeffer, M. (2016). Statistical and perceived diversity and their impacts on neighborhood social cohesion in Germany, France and the Netherlands. Social Indicators Research, 125(3), 853–883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0863-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E. (2020). Authenticity model of (mass-oriented) computer-mediated communication: Conceptual explorations and testable propositions. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 25(1), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmz025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., & Abidin, C. (2023). Introduction to the special issue of “TikTok and social movements”. Social Media + Society, 9(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231157452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levendusky, M. S., & Malhotra, N. (2016). (Mis)perceptions of partisan polarization in the American public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfv045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. (2022). Visual Social Media and Black Activism: Exploring How Using Instagram Influences Black Activism Orientation and Racial Identity Ideology Among Black Americans. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 99(3), 718–741. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990221108644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Literat, I., & Kligler-Vilenchik, N. (2023). Tiktok as a key platform for youth political expression: Reflecting on the opportunities and stakes involved. Social Media + Society, 9(1), 205630512311575. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231157595
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, J. H., & Steele, C. K. (2019). “Joy is resistance”: cross-platform resilience and (re)invention of Black oral culture online. Information, Communication & Society, 22(6), 823–837. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1575449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation. Political Communication, 16(3), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, B. J., & Bartels, B. L. (2011). Politics at the checkout line: Explaining political consumerism in the United States. Political Research Quarterly, 64(4), 803–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910379232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pender, K. N., Hope, E. C., & Riddick, K. N. (2019). Queering black activism: Exploring the relationship between racial identity and black activist orientation among black LGBTQ youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 47(3), 529–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2022a, October 21). More Americans are getting news on TikTok, bucking the trend on other social media sites. Pew. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/10/21/more-americans-are-getting-news-on-tiktok-bucking-the-trend-on-other-social-media-sites/.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2022b, August 10). Teens, social media and technology 2022. Pew. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2023, September 26). Black Americans’ experiences with news. Pew. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2023/09/26/black-americans-experiences-with-news/.
   Google Scholar
• Piekut, A., & Valentine, G. (2016). Perceived diversity and acceptance of minority ethnic groups in two urban contexts. European Sociological Review, 32(3), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcw011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Quintelier, E., Stolle, D., & Harell, A. (2012). Politics in peer groups: Exploring the causal relationship between network diversity and political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 65(4), 868–881. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911411099
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheufele, D. A., Hardy, B. W., Brossard, D., Waismel-Manor, I. S., & Nisbet, E. (2006). Democracy based on difference: Examining the links between structural heterogeneity, heterogeneity of discussion networks, and democratic citizenship. Journal of Communication, 56(4), 728–753. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00317.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seid, A. K. (2016). Social interactions, trust and risky alcohol consumption. Health Economics Review, 6(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-016-0081-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selenu, S. (2017). Reading Dante impolitically: Gramsci’s contrapuntal criticism of Inferno 10. Mediaevalia, 38(1), 209–248. https://doi.org/10.1353/mdi.2017.0007
   Google Scholar
• Sellers, R. M., Smith, M. A., Shelton, J. N., Rowley, S. A., & Chavous, T. M. (1998). Multidimensional model of racial identity: A reconceptualization of African American racial identity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(1), 18–39. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Settle, J. E. (2018). Frenemies: How social media polarizes America. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, D. V., McLeod, D. M., Rojas, H., Cho, J., Wagner, M. W., & Friedland, L. A. (2017). Revising the communication mediation model for a new political communication ecology. Human Communication Research, 43(4), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statista. (2023, July 13). Distribution of TikTok audiences in the United States as of June 2023, by gender. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1398182/tiktok-us-audience-by-gender/#:~:text=As%20of%20June%202023%2C%20approximately,in%20the%20country%20were%20men.
   Google Scholar
• Stolle, D., Hooghe, M., & Micheletti, M. (2005). Politics in the supermarket: Political consumerism as a form of political participation. International Political Science Review, 26(3), 245–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512105053784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolle, D., & Micheletti, M. (2013). Political consumerism: Global responsibility in action. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sundar, S. S. (2008). The MAIN model: A heuristic approach to understanding technology effects on credibility. In M. J. Metzger, & A. J. Flanagin (Eds.), Digital media, youth, and credibility (pp. 73–100). The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. CUP Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Valenzuela, P., & Kee, N., & F, K. (2009). Is there social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college students' life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(4), 875–901. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velkova, J., & Kaun, A. (2021). Algorithmic resistance: Media practices and the politics of repair. Information, Communication & Society, 24(4), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1657162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White-Johnson, R. L. (2012). Prosocial Involvement Among African American Young Adults: Considering Racial Discrimination and Racial Identity. Journal of Black Psychology, 38(3), 313–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798411420429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., & Abidin, C. (2023). The “Fox Eye” challenge trend: Anti-racism work, platform affordances, and the vernacular of gesticular activism on TikTok. Social Media + Society, 9(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231157590
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar