295
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Functional Analysis and Chained Schedule Treatment of Elopement in Teens with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 223-233 | Received 29 Mar 2022, Accepted 16 Mar 2023, Published online: 22 Mar 2023

References

  • Bodfish JW, Favell JE, Favell JE. AWOL behavior. In: Konarski EA, editor. Manual for the assessment and treatment of the behavior disorders of people with mental retardation (TabBD17. Morganton, NC: Western Carolina Center Foundation; 1992. pp. 1–8.
  • Lang R, Rispoli M, Machalicek W, White PJ, Kang S, Pierce N, Fragale T, O’reilly M, Sigafoos J, Lancioni G. Treatment of elopement in individuals with developmental disabilities: a systematic review. Res Dev Disabil. 2009;30:670–81. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.11.003.
  • Lowe K, Allen D, Jones E, Brophy S, Moore K, James W. Challenging behaviours: prevalence and topographies. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2007;51:625–36. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00948.x.
  • Anderson C, Law JK, Daniels A, Rice C, Mandell DS, Hagopian L, Law PA. Occurrence and family impact of elopement in children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2012;130:870–77. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0762.
  • Pereira‐smith S, Boan A, Carpenter LA, Macias M, LaRosa A. Preventing elopement in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res. 2019;12(7):1139–46. doi:10.1002/aur.2114.
  • McIlwain L, Fournier W. Mortality & risk in ASD wandering/elopement 2011–2016. Retr Sep. 2017;16:2021.
  • Kiely B, Migdal TR, Vettam S, Adesman A, Martinuzzi A. Prevalence and correlates of elopement in a nationally representative sample of children with developmental disabilities in the United States. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0148337. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148337.
  • Solomon O, Lawlor MC. “And I look down and he is gone”: narrating autism, elopement and wandering in Los Angeles. Soc Sci Med. 2013;94:106–14. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.034.
  • Lehardy RK, Lerman DC, Evans LM, O’connor A, LeSage DL. A simplified methodology for identifying the function of elopement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2013;46:256–70. doi:10.1002/jaba.22.
  • Piazza CC, Hanley GP, Bowman LG, Ruyter JM, Lindauer SE, Saiontz DM. Functional analysis and treatment of elopement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1997;30:653–72. doi:10.1901/jaba.1997.30-653.
  • Boyle MA, Adamson RM. Systematic review of functional analysis and treatment of elopement (2000–2015). Behav Anal Pract. 2017;10(4):375–85. doi:10.1007/s40617-017-0191-y.
  • Call NA, Alvarez JP, Simmons CA, Lomas Mevers JE, Scheithauer MC. Clinical outcomes of behavioral treatments for elopement in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities. Autism. 2017;21:375–79. doi:10.1177/1362361316644732.
  • Jessel J, Ingvarsson ET. Recent advances in applied research on DRO procedures. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2016;49:991–95. doi:10.1002/jaba.323.
  • Reynolds GS. Behavioral contrast. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961;4(1):57–71. doi:10.1901/jeab.1961.4-57.
  • Call NA, Pabico RS, Findley AJ, Valentino AL. Differential reinforcement with and without blocking as treatment for elopement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2011;44:903–07. doi:10.1901/jaba.2011.44-903.
  • Boyle MA, Bacon MT, Brewer EM, Carton SM, Gaskill LA. Evaluating a treatment without extinction for elopement maintained by access to stereotypy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2020;53:1531–41. doi:10.1002/jaba.682.
  • Ghaemmaghami M, Hanley GP, Jessel J. Functional communication training: from efficacy to effectiveness. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2021;54(1):122–43. doi:10.1002/jaba.762.
  • Carr EG, Durand VM. Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. J Appl Behav. 1985;18(2):111–26. doi:10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111.
  • Tiger JH, Hanley GP, Bruzek J. Functional communication training: a review and practical guide. Behav Anal Pract. 2008;1:16–23. doi:10.1007/BF03391716.
  • Kurtz PF, Boelter EW, Jarmolowicz DP, Chin MD, Hagopian LP. An analysis of functional communication training as an empirically supported treatment for problem behavior displayed by individuals with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32:2935–42. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.05.009.
  • Tarbox RS, Wallace MD, Williams L. Assessment and treatment of elopement: a replication and extension. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2003;36:239–44. doi:10.1901/jaba.2003.36-239.
  • Gibson JL, Pennington RC, Stenhoff DM, Hopper JS. Using desktop videoconferencing to deliver interventions to a preschool student with autism. Topics Early Child Spec Educ. 2010;29:214–25. doi:10.1177/0271121409352873.
  • Stevenson MT, Ghezzi PM, Valenton KG. FCT and delay fading for elopement with a child with autism. Behav Anal Pract. 2016;9:169–73. doi:10.1007/s40617-015-0089-5.
  • Catania AC. (2013). Learning (5th ed.). Sloan Publishing
  • Ferster CB, Skinner BF. Schedules of reinforcement. Appleton-Century-Crofts. 1957. doi:10.1037/10627-000.
  • Bullock CE, Fisher WW, Hagopian LP. Description and validation of a computerized behavioral data program: “BDataPro”. The Behavior Analyst. 2017;40(1):275–85. doi:10.1007/s40614-016-0079-0.
  • Iwata BA, Dorsey MF, Slifer KJ, Bauman KE, Richman GS. Toward a functional analysis of self‐injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1994a;27(2):197–209. doi:10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197.
  • Iwata BA, Pace GM, Dorsey MF, Zarcone JR, Vollmer TR, Smith RG, Willis KD, Lerman DC, Shore BA, Mazaleski JL, et al. The functions of self‐injurious behavior: an experimental‐epidemiological analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1994b;27(2):215–40. doi:10.1901/jaba.1994.27-215.
  • Fisher W, Piazza CC, Bowman LG, Hagopian LP, Owens JC, Slevin I. A comparison of two approaches for identifying reinforcers for persons with severe and profound disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1992;25:491–98. doi:10.1901/jaba.1992.25-491.
  • Kurtz PF, Fodstad JC, Huete JM, Hagopian LP. Caregiver‐and staff‐conducted functional analysis outcomes: a summary of 52 cases. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2013;46:738–49. doi:10.1002/jaba.87.
  • Lang R, Davis T, O’reilly M, Machalicek W, Rispoli M, Sigafoos J, Regester A. Functional analysis and treatment of elopement across two school settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2010;43:113–18. doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-113.
  • Lang R, Davis T, O'Reilly M, Machalicek W, Rispoli M, Sigafoos J, Regester A. Functional analysis and treatment of elopement across two school settings. J Appl Behav. 2010;43:113–18. doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-113.
  • Baer DM, Wolf MM, Risley TR. Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1968;1:91–97. doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91.
  • Call NA, Wacker DP, Ringdahl JE, Boelter EW. Combined antecedent variables as motivating operations within functional analyses. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2005;38(3):385–89. doi:10.1901/jaba.2005.5104.
  • Dolezal DN, Kurtz PF. Evaluation of combined‐antecedent variables on functional analysis results and treatment of problem behavior in a school setting. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2010;43(2):309–14. doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-309.
  • Hanley GP, Jin CS, Vanselow NR, Hanratty LA. Producing meaningful improvements in problem behavior of children with autism via synthesized analyses and treatments. J Appl Behav. 2014;47(1):16–36. doi:10.1002/jaba.106.
  • Falligant JM, McNulty MK, Kranak MP, Hausman NL, Rooker GW. Evaluating sources of baseline data using dual‐criteria and conservative dual‐criteria methods: a quantitative analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2020;53:2330–38. doi:10.1002/jaba.710.
  • Scheithauer M, Schebell SM, Mevers JL, Martin CP, Noell G, Suiter KC, Call NA. A comparison of sources of baseline data for treatments of problem behavior following a functional analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2020;53:102–20. doi:10.1002/jaba.549.
  • Fisher WW, Kuhn DE, Thompson RH. Establishing discriminative control of responding using functional and alternative reinforcers during functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1998;31:543–60. doi:10.1901/jaba.1998.31-543.
  • Nuernberger JE, Vargo KK, Ringdahl JE. An application of differential reinforcement of other behavior and self-monitoring to address repetitive behavior. J Dev Phys Disabil. 2013;25(1):105–17. doi:10.1007/s10882-012-9309-x.
  • Martens BK, Witt JC, Elliott SN, Darveaux DX. Teacher judgments concerning the acceptability of school-based interventions. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 1985;16(2):191–98. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.16.2.191.
  • Hurl K, Wightman J, Haynes SN, Virues-Ortega J. Does a pre-intervention functional assessment increase intervention effectiveness? A meta-analysis of within-subject interrupted time-series studies. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;47:71–84. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.003.
  • Hagopian LP, Boelter EW, Jarmolowicz DP. Reinforcement schedule thinning following functional communication training: review and recommendations. Behav Anal Pract. 2011;4:4–16. doi:10.1007/BF03391770.
  • Muharib R, Walker VL, Alresheed F, Gerow S. Effects of multiple schedules of reinforcement on appropriate communication and challenging behaviors: a meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(2):613–31. doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04569-2.
  • Muharib R, Dowdy A, Rajaraman A, Jessel J. Contingency-based delay to reinforcement following functional communication training for autistic individuals: a multilevel meta-analysis. Autism. 2022;26(4):761–81. doi:10.1177/13623613211065540.
  • Falcomata TS, Roane HS, Feeney BJ, Stephenson KM. Assessment and treatment of elopement maintained by access to stereotypy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2010;43:513–17. doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-513.
  • Quigley J, Dowdy A, Trucksess K, Finlay A. An investigation of functional communication training and schedule thinning using a multiple schedule on elopement to access stereotypy. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(9):3224–34. doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04788-7.
  • Kranak MP, Falligant JM. Analysis of terminal schedule probes and schedule thinning effects following functional communication training. Behav Interv. 2022;37(2):323–33. doi:10.1002/bin.1842.
  • Ghaemmaghami M, Hanley GP, Jessel J. Contingencies promote delay tolerance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2016;49(3):548–75. doi:10.1002/jaba.333.
  • Drifke MA, Tiger JH, Lillie MA. DRA contingencies promote improved tolerance to delayed reinforcement during FCT compared to DRO and fixed-time schedules. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2020;53(3):1579–92. doi:10.1002/jaba.704.
  • Falcomata TS, Roane HS, Muething CS, Stephenson KM, Ing AD. Functional communication training and chained schedules of reinforcement to treat challenging behavior maintained by terminations of activity interruptions. Behav Modif. 2012;36:630–49. doi:10.1177/0145445511433821.
  • Lalli JS, Casey S, Kates K. Reducing escape behavior and increasing task completion with functional communication training, extinction and response chaining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1995;28:261–68. doi:10.1901/jaba.1995.28-261.
  • Call NA, Reavis AR, McCracken CE, Gillespie SE, Scheithauer MC. The impact of delays on parents’ perceptions of treatments for problem behavior. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45(4):1013–25. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2257-9.
  • Campbell JM. Efficacy of behavioral interventions for reducing problem behavior in persons with autism: a quantitative synthesis of single-subject research. Res Dev Disabil. 2003;24:120–38. doi:10.1016/S0891-4222(03)00014-3.
  • Davis TN, Durand S, Bankhead J, Strickland E, Blenden K, Dacus S, Haupert M, Fuentes L, Machalicek W. Brief report: latency functional analysis of elopement. Behav Interv. 2013;28:251–59. doi:10.1002/bin.1363.
  • Heyvaert M, Saenen L, Campbell JM, Maes B, Onghena P. Efficacy of behavioral interventions for reducing problem behavior in persons with autism: an updated quantitative synthesis of single-subject research. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35:2463–76. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.017.
  • Jessel J, Borrero JC, Becraft JL. Differential reinforcement of other behavior increases untargeted behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2015;48(2):402–16. doi:10.1002/jaba.204.
  • Jessel J, Ingvarsson ET, Metras R, Whipple R, Kirk H, Solsbery L. Treatment of elopement following a latency‐based interview‐informed, synthesized contingency analysis. Behav Interv. 2018;33:271–83. doi:10.1002/bin.1525.
  • Mische Lawson L, D’adamo J, Campbell K, Hermreck B, Holz S, Moxley J, Travis A, Nolla M. A qualitative investigation of swimming experiences of children with autism Spectrum disorders and their families. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2019;13:1–9. doi:10.1177/11795565198722.
  • Neidert PL, Iwata BA, Dempsey CM, Thomason-Sassi JL. Latency of response during the functional analysis of elopement. J Appl Behav. 2013;46(1):312–16. doi:10.1002/jaba.11.
  • Phillips LA, Briggs AM, Fisher WW, Greer BD. Assessing and treating elopement in a school setting. Teach Except Child. 2018;50(6):333–42. doi:10.1177/0040059918770663.
  • Poling A, Ryan C. Differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedules: therapeutic applications. Behav Modif. 1982;6(1):3–21. doi:10.1177/01454455820061001.
  • Repp AC, Deitz SM. Reducing aggressive and self-injurious behavior of institutionalized retarded children through reinforcement of other behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1974;7:313–25. doi:10.1901/jaba.1974.7-313.
  • Torelli JN, Pickren SE. Using Chained or Tandem Schedules with Functional Communication Training: a Systematic Review. Behav Modif. 2022;47:01454455221077420. doi:10.1177/01454455221077420.
  • Traub MR, Vollmer TR. Response latency as a measure of behavior in the assessment of elopement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2019;52(2):422–38. doi:10.1002/jaba.541.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.