“I Didn't Know He Had It in Him to Kill Me”: Nonlethal Firearms Use and Partner Violence Against Canadian Women

REFERENCES

• Arbuckle, J., Olson, L., Howard, M., Brillman, J., Anctil, C., & Sklar, D. (1996). Safe at home? Domestic violence and other homicides among women in New Mexico. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 27(2), 210–215. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70325-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, J. E., Kellermann, A. L., Somes, G. W., Banton, J. G., Rivara, F. P., & Rushforth, N. P. (1995). Risk factors for violent death of women in the home. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157(7), 777–782. doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440280101009
   Google Scholar
• Bangalore, S. M., & Messerli, F. H. (2013). Gun ownership and firearm-related deaths. The American Journal of Medicine, 126(10), 873–876. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.04.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, B. M., Weisz, A. N., & Bennett, L. W. (2010). Graduating social work students’ perspectives on domestic violence. Affilia, 25(2), 173–184. doi:10.1177/0886109910364824
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandell, J. R., & Varkas, T. (2010). Narrative case studies. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods, (2nd ed., pp. 376–396). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Brownridge, D. A. (2006). Violence against women post-separation. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(5), 514–530. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2006.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brzozowski, J. E. (2004). Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile 2004. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics. Retrieved from: http://www.canadiancrc.com/PDFs/PHAC_2004_family_violence_profile_e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. C., Webster, D. W., & Glass, N. (2009). The danger assessment: Validation of a lethality risk assessment instrument for intimate partner femicide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(4), 653–674. doi:10.1177/0886260508317180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. C., Glass, N., Sharps, P. W., Laughon, K., & Bloom, T. (2007). Intimate partner homicide: Review and implications of research and policy. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 8(3), 247–269. doi:10.1177/1524838007303505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. C., Webster, D., Koziol-McLain, J., Block, C., Campbell, D., Curry, M. A., Gary, F., Glass, N. & Laughon, K. (2003). Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: Results from a multisite case control study. American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), 1089–1097. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.7.1089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, H., & Unrau, Y. (1996). Analyzing your data. In L. Tutty M. Rothery & R. Grinnell, Jr. (Eds.), Qualitative research for social workers: Phases, steps, & tasks, (pp. 88–119). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, M. (2005). Intimate femicide followed by suicide: Examining the role of premeditation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35(1), 76–90. doi:10.1521/suli.35.1.76.59261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, M., Bunge, V. P., & Balde, T. (2009). National trends in intimate partner homicides: Explaining declines in Canada, 1976 to 2001. Violence Against Women, 15(3), 276–306. doi:10.1177/1077801208330433
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fleury, R. E., Sullivan, C. M., & Bybee, D. I. (2000). When ending the relationship does not end the violence: Women's experiences of violence by former partners. Violence Against Women, 6(12), 1363–1383. doi:10.1177/10778010022183695
   Google Scholar
• Folkes, S. E. F., Hilton, N. Z., & Harris, G. T. (2012). Weapon use increases the severity of domestic violence but neither weapon use nor firearm access increases the risk or severity of recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(6), 1143–1156. doi:10.1177/0886260512468232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frattaroli, S., & Vernick, J. S. (2006). Separating batterers and guns: A review and analysis of gun removal laws in 50 states. Evaluation Review, 30, 296–312. doi:10.1177/0193841X06287680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glesne, C., & Peshkin, A. (1992). Becoming qualitative researchers. New York, NY: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Hahn, R. A., Bilukha, O., Crosby, A., Fullilove, M. T., Liberman, A., Moscicki, E., Snyder, S., Tuma, F., & Briss, P. A. (2005). Firearms laws and the reduction of violence: A systematic review. American Journal of Prevention Medicine, 28(2, Suppl. 1), 40–71. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kernsmith, P., & Craun, S. W. (2008). Predictors of weapon use in domestic violence incidents reported to law enforcement. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 589–596. doi:10.1007/s10896-008-9181-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, H. (2006). Measuring violence against women: Statistical trends 2006 (Catalogue no. 85–570-XIE). Ottawa, Canada: Minister of Industry. Retrieved from: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/gender/vaw/surveys/Canada/2006_Publication_VAW.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J., Zhang, Y., & Hoover, L. T. (2013). Profiling weapon use in domestic violence: Multilevel analysis of situational and neighborhood factors. Victims & Offenders: An International Journal of Evidence-based Research, Policy, and Practice, 8(2), 164–184. doi:10.1080/15564886.2012.749123
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2006). Designing qualitative research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McMahon, S., Postmus, J. L., Warrener, C., Plummer, S., & Schwartz, R. (2013). Evaluating the effect of a specialized MSW course on violence against women. Journal of Social Work Education, 49, 301–320. doi:10.1080/10437797.2013.768484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhedran, S., & Mauser, G. (2013). Lethal firearm-related violence against Canadian women: Did tightening gun laws have an impact on women's health and safety? Violence & Victims, 28(5), 875–883. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Puzone, C. A., Saltzman, L. E., Kresnow, M., Thompson, M. P., & Mercy, J. A. (2000). National trends in intimate partner homicide, United States 1976–1995. Violence Against Women, 6(4), 409–426. doi:10.1177/10778010022181912
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, D. W. (2009). Intimate partner homicide: Relationships to alcohol and firearms. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 25(1), 67–88. doi:10.1177/1043986208329771
   Google Scholar
• Sorenson, S. B. (2006). Taking guns from batterers: Public support and policy implications. Evaluation Review, 30(3), 361–373. doi:10.1177/0193841X06287217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson, S. B., & Wiebe, D. J. (2004). Weapons in the lives of battered women. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1412–1417. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.8.1412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2009). Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile 2009. Statistics Canada Centre for Justice Statistics. Retrieved from: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-224-x/85-224-x2009000-eng.htm
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2013). Violence against women, 2011. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada. Retrived from: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130225/dq130225a-eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Thorne, S. (2000). Data analysis in qualitative research. Evidence Based Nursing, 3, 68–70. doi:10.1136/ebn.3.3.68
   Google Scholar
• Tutty, L. M. (2015). Addressing the safety and trauma issues of abused women: A cross-Canada study of YWCA shelters. Journal of International Women's Studies, 16(3), 101–116. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol16/iss3/8.
   Google Scholar
• Tutty, L. M., Weaver, G., & Rothery, M. A. (1999). Resident's views of the efficacy of shelter services for abused women. Violence Against Women, 5(8), 898–925. doi:10.1177/10778019922181545
   Google Scholar
• Tutty, L. M., Ogden, C., Giurgiu, B., & Weaver-Dunlop, G. (2013). I built my house of hope: Abused women and pathways into homelessness. Violence Against Women, 19(12), 1498–1517. doi:10.1177/1077801213517514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigdor, E. R., & Mercy, J. A. (2006). Do laws restricting access to firearms by domestic violence offenders prevent intimate partner homicide? Evaluation Review, 30, 313–346. doi:10.1177/0193841X06287307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vittes, K. A., Webster, D. W., Frattaroli, S., Claire, B. E., & Wintemute, G. J. (2013). Removing guns from batterers: Findings from a pilot survey of domestic violence restraining order recipients in California. Violence Against Women, 19(5), 602–616. doi:10.1177/1077801213490561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiebe, D. J. (2003). Homicide and suicide risks associated with firearms in the home: A national case-control study. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 41(6), 771–782. doi:10.1067/mem.2003.187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, M., Johnson, H., & Daly, M. (1995). Lethal and nonlethal violence against wives. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 37(3), 331–361.
   Google Scholar