Tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens, reproductive microchimerism and regulatory T cell memory: 60 years after ‘Evidence for actively acquired tolerance to Rh antigens’

References

• Owen RD. Immunogenetic Consequences of Vascular Anastomoses between Bovine Twins. Science 1945; 102:400-1; PMID:17755278; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.102.2651.400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillie FR. The Theory of the Free-Martin. Science 1916; 43:611-3; PMID:17756274; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.43.1113.611
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owen RD, Wood HR, Foord AG, Sturgeon P, Baldwin LG. Evidence for actively acquired tolerance to Rh antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1954; 40:420-4; PMID:16589498; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.40.6.420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth PB, Dunsford I, Grant J, Murray S. Haemolytic disease in first-born infants. Br Med J 1953; 2:41-2; PMID:13051571; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4826.41-b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claas FH, Gijbels Y, van der Velden-de Munck J, van Rood JJ. Induction of B cell unresponsiveness to noninherited maternal HLA antigens during fetal life. Science 1988; 241:1815-7; PMID:3051377; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3051377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burlingham WJ, Grailer AP, Heisey DM, Claas FH, Norman D, Mohanakumar T, Brennan DC, de Fijter H, van Gelder T, Pirsch JD, et al. The effect of tolerance to noninherited maternal HLA antigens on the survival of renal transplants from sibling donors. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:1657-64; PMID:9834302; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199812033392302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eikmans M, van Halteren AG, van Besien K, van Rood JJ, Drabbels JJ, Claas FH. Naturally acquired microchimerism: implications for transplantation outcome and novel methodologies for detection. Chimerism 2014; 5:24-39; PMID:24762743; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/chim.28908
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirayama M, Azuma E, Komada Y. Tolerogenic effect of non-inherited maternal antigens in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:135; PMID:22654885; http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rood JJ, Loberiza FR, Jr., Zhang MJ, Oudshoorn M, Claas F, Cairo MS, Champlin RE, Gale RP, Ringden O, Hows JM, et al. Effect of tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens on the occurrence of graft-vs.-host disease after bone marrow transplantation from a parent or an HLA-haploidentical sibling. Blood 2002; 99:1572-7; PMID:11861270; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.V99.5.1572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichinohe T, Uchiyama T, Shimazaki C, Matsuo K, Tamaki S, Hino M, Watanabe A, Hamaguchi M, Adachi S, Gondo H, et al. Feasibility of HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between noninherited maternal antigen (NIMA)-mismatched family members linked with long-term fetomaternal microchimerism. Blood 2004; 104:3821-8; PMID:15280193; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-03-1212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanda J, Ichinohe T, Shimazaki C, Hamaguchi M, Watanabe A, Ishida H, Yoshihara T, Morimoto A, Uoshima N, Adachi S, et al. Long-term survival after HLA-haploidentical SCT from noninherited maternal antigen-mismatched family donors: impact of chronic GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2009; 44:327-9; PMID:19219076; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2009.18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okumura H, Yamaguchi M, Kotani T, Sugimori N, Sugimori C, Ozaki J, Kondo Y, Yamazaki H, Chuhjo T, Takami A, et al. Graft rejection and hyperacute graft-versus-host disease in stem cell transplantation from non-inherited maternal-antigen-complementary HLA-mismatched siblings. Eur J Haematol 2007; 78:157-60; PMID:17313562; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.2006.00797.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opelz G. The effect of tolerance to noninherited maternal HLA antigens on the survival of renal transplants from sibling donors. N Eng J Med 1999; 340:1369-70; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199904293401715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrassy J, Kusaka S, Jankowska-Gan E, Torrealba JR, Haynes LD, Marthaler BR, Tam RC, Illigens BM, Anosova N, Benichou G, et al. Tolerance to noninherited maternal MHC antigens in mice. J Immunol 2003; 171:5554-61; PMID:14607963; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoyama K, Koyama M, Matsuoka K, Hashimoto D, Ichinohe T, Harada M, Akashi K, Tanimoto M, Teshima T. Improved outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation due to breastfeeding-induced tolerance to maternal antigens. Blood 2009; 113:1829-33; PMID:19124834; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-05-155283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell DA, Jr., Lorber MI, Sweeton JC, Turcotte JG, Niederhuber JE, Beer AE. Breast feeding and maternal-donor renal allografts. Possibly the original donor-specific transfusion. Transplantation 1984; 37:340-4; PMID:6369661; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-198404000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta P, Molitor-Dart M, Bobadilla JL, Roenneburg DA, Yan Z, Torrealba JR, Burlingham WJ. Microchimerism is strongly correlated with tolerance to noninherited maternal antigens in mice. Blood 2009; 114:3578-87; PMID:19700665; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-03-213561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flomenberg N, Dupont B, O'Reilly RJ, Hayward A, Pollack MS. The use of T cell culture techniques to establish the presence of an intrauterine-derived maternal T cell graft in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Transplantation 1983; 36:733-5; PMID:6606881; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-198336060-00031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geha RS, Reinherz E. Identification of circulating maternal T and B lymphocytes in uncomplicated severe combined immunodeficiency by HLA typing of subpopulations of T cells separated by the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and of Epstein Barr virus-derived B cell lines. J Immunol 1983; 130:2493-5; PMID:6304187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadowaki J, Thompson RI, Zuelzer WW, Woolley PV, Jr., Brough AJ, Gruber D. XX-XY lymphoid chimaerism in congenital immunological deficiency syndrome with thymic alymphoplasia. Lancet 1965; 2:1152-6; PMID:4158909; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(65)92559-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack MS, Kapoor N, Sorell M, Kim SJ, Christiansen FT, Silver DM, Dupont B, O'Reilly RJ. DR-positive maternal engrafted T cells in a severe combined immunodeficiency patient without graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 1980; 30:331-4; PMID:6450472; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-198011000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack MS, Kirkpatrick D, Kapoor N, Dupont B, O'Reilly RJ. Identification by HLA typing of intrauterine-derived maternal T cells in four patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. N Eng J Med 1982; 307:662-6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198209093071106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson LF, O'Connor RD, Bastian JF. Phenotype and function of engrafted maternal T cells in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. J Immunol 1984; 133:2513-7; PMID:6090535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller SM, Ege M, Pottharst A, Schulz AS, Schwarz K, Friedrich W. Transplacentally acquired maternal T lymphocytes in severe combined immunodeficiency: a study of 121 patients. Blood 2001; 98:1847-51; PMID:11535520; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.V98.6.1847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander A, Samlowski WE, Grossman D, Bruggers CS, Harris RM, Zone JJ, Noyes RD, Bowen GM, Leachman SA. Metastatic melanoma in pregnancy: risk of transplacental metastases in the infant. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:2179-86; PMID:12775744; http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.12.149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isoda T, Ford AM, Tomizawa D, van Delft FW, De Castro DG, Mitsuiki N, Score J, Taki T, Morio T, Takagi M, et al. Immunologically silent cancer clone transmission from mother to offspring. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:17882-5; PMID:19822752; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904658106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker JW, Reinisch JF, Monforte HL. Maternal pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic to the fetus: first recorded case report and literature review. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 2002; 21:57-69; PMID:11858176; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15227950252774174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lambert NC, Erickson TD, Yan Z, Pang JM, Guthrie KA, Furst DE, Nelson JL. Quantification of maternal microchimerism by HLA-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction: studies of healthy women and women with scleroderma. Arthritis Rheumatism 2004; 50:906-14; PMID:15022334; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloney S, Smith A, Furst DE, Myerson D, Rupert K, Evans PC, Nelson JL. Microchimerism of maternal origin persists into adult life. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:41-7; PMID:10393697; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI6611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spurgin LG, Richardson DS. How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and misunderstandings. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:979-88; PMID:20071384; http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo YM, Lau TK, Chan LY, Leung TN, Chang AM. Quantitative analysis of the bidirectional fetomaternal transfer of nucleated cells and plasma DNA. Clin Chem 2000; 46:1301-9; PMID:10973858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molitor ML, Haynes LD, Jankowska-Gan E, Mulder A, Burlingham WJ. HLA class I noninherited maternal antigens in cord blood and breast milk. Hum Immunol 2004; 65:231-9; PMID:15041161; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2003.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Yoshimura Y, Huang Y, Suzuki R, Yokoyama M, Okabe M, Shimamura M. Two independent pathways of maternal cell transmission to offspring: through placenta during pregnancy and by breast-feeding after birth. Immunol 2000; 101:570-80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00144.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mold JE, McCune JM. Immunological tolerance during fetal development: from mouse to man. Adv Immunol 2012; 115:73-111; PMID:22608256; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394299-9.00003-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mold JE, Michaelsson J, Burt TD, Muench MO, Beckerman KP, Busch MP, Lee TH, Nixon DF, McCune JM. Maternal alloantigens promote the development of tolerogenic fetal regulatory T cells in utero. Science 2008; 322:1562-5; PMID:19056990; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billingham RE, Brent L, Medawar PB. Actively acquired tolerance of foreign cells. Nature 1953; 172:603-6; PMID:13099277; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/172603a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molitor-Dart ML, Andrassy J, Kwun J, Kayaoglu HA, Roenneburg DA, Haynes LD, Torrealba JR, Bobadilla JL, Sollinger HW, Knechtle SJ, et al. Developmental exposure to noninherited maternal antigens induces CD4+ T regulatory cells: relevance to mechanism of heart allograft tolerance. J Immunol 2007; 179:6749-61; PMID:17982065; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araki M, Hirayama M, Azuma E, Kumamoto T, Iwamoto S, Toyoda H, Ito M, Amano K, Komada Y. Prediction of reactivity to noninherited maternal antigen in MHC-mismatched, minor histocompatibility antigen-matched stem cell transplantation in a mouse model. J Immunol 2010; 185:7739-45; PMID:21078914; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta P, Burlingham WJ. Microchimerism: tolerance vs. sensitization. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2011; 16:359-65; PMID:21666480; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283484b57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhajjat AM, Lee AE, Strong BS, Shaaban AF. NK cell tolerance as the final endorsement of prenatal tolerance after in utero hematopoietic cellular transplantation. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:51; PMID:25852555; http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merianos D, Heaton T, Flake AW. In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: progress toward clinical application. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:729-40; PMID:18541191; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derderian SC, Jeanty C, Walters MC, Vichinsky E, MacKenzie TC. In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation for hemoglobinopathies. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:278; PMID:25628564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhajjat AM, Strong BS, Lee AE, Turner LE, Wadhwani RK, Ortaldo JR, Heusel JW, Shaaban AF. Prenatal Allospecific NK Cell Tolerance Hinges on Instructive Allorecognition through the Activating Receptor during Development. J Immunol 2015; 195(4):1506-16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durkin ET, Jones KA, Rajesh D, Shaaban AF. Early chimerism threshold predicts sustained engraftment and NK-cell tolerance in prenatal allogeneic chimeras. Blood 2008; 112:5245-53; PMID:18796629; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-12-128116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroemer A, Edtinger K, Li XC. The innate natural killer cells in transplant rejection and tolerance induction. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2008; 13:339-43; PMID:18685327; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOT.0b013e3283061115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashizuka S, Peranteau WH, Hayashi S, Flake AW. Busulfan-conditioned bone marrow transplantation results in high-level allogeneic chimerism in mice made tolerant by in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:359-68; PMID:16543070; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2005.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HB, Shaaban AF, Milner R, Fichter C, Flake AW. In utero bone marrow transplantation induces donor-specific tolerance by a combination of clonal deletion and clonal anergy. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34:726-9; discussion 9-30; PMID:10359172; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3468(99)90364-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HB, Shaaban AF, Yang EY, Liechty KW, Flake AW. Microchimerism and tolerance after in utero bone marrow transplantation in mice. J Surg Res 1998; 77:1-5; PMID:9698523; http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1997.5255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merianos DJ, Tiblad E, Santore MT, Todorow CA, Laje P, Endo M, Zoltick PW, Flake AW. Maternal alloantibodies induce a postnatal immune response that limits engraftment following in utero hematopoietic cell transplantation in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2590-600; PMID:19652363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeanty C, Derderian SC, Mackenzie TC. Maternal-fetal cellular trafficking: clinical implications and consequences. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014; 26:377-82; PMID:24759226; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinder JM, Jiang TT, Ertelt JM, Xin L, Strong BS, Shaaban AF, Way SS. Cross-generational reproductive fitness enforced by microchimeric maternal cells. Cell 2015; 162:505-15; PMID:26213383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon JJ, Dash P, Oguin TH, 3rd, McClaren JL, Chu HH, Thomas PG, Jenkins MK. Quantitative impact of thymic selection on Foxp3+ and Foxp3- subsets of self-peptide/MHC class II-specific CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108:14602-7; PMID:21873213; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109806108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees W, Bender J, Teague TK, Kedl RM, Crawford F, Marrack P, Kappler J. An inverse relationship between T cell receptor affinity and antigen dose during CD4(+) T cell responses in vivo and in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96:9781-6; PMID:10449771; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.17.9781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon J, Chu H, Pepper M, McSorley S, Jameson S, Kedl R, Jenkins M. Naive CD4(+) T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude. Immunity 2007; 27:203-13; PMID:17707129; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakkour S, Baker CA, Tarantal AF, Wen L, Busch MP, Lee TH, McCune JM. Analysis of maternal microchimerism in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using real-time quantitative PCR amplification of MHC polymorphisms. Chimerism 2014; 5:6-15; PMID:24451553; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/chim.27778
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaaban AF, Kim HB, Gaur L, Liechty KW, Flake AW. Prenatal transplantation of cytokine-stimulated marrow improves early chimerism in a resistant strain combination but results in poor long-term engraftment. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:1278-87; PMID:16939821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brincks E, Roberts A, Cookenham T, Sell S, Kohlmeier J, Blackman M, Woodland D. Antigen-specific memory regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ T cells control memory responses to influenza virus infection. J Immunol 2013; 190:3438-46; PMID:23467933; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1203140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenblum M, Gratz I, Paw J, Lee K, Marshak-Rothstein A, Abbas A. Response to self antigen imprints regulatory memory in tissues. Nature 2011; 480:538-42; PMID:22121024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratz IK, Rosenblum MD, Maurano MM, Paw JS, Truong HA, Marshak-Rothstein A, Abbas AK. Cutting edge: Self-antigen controls the balance between effector and regulatory T cells in peripheral tissues. J Immunol 2014; 192:1351-5; PMID:24442443; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1301777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez AM, Zhu J, Huang X, Yang Y. The development and function of memory regulatory T cells after acute viral infections. J Immunol 2012; 189:2805-14; PMID:22855712; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1200645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homann D, Teyton L, Oldstone M. Differential regulation of antiviral T-cells immunity results stable CD8+ by declining CD4+ T-cell memory. Nat Med 2001; 7:913-9; PMID:11479623; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/90950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson RW, McLachlan JB, Kurtz JR, Jenkins MK. CD4+ T cell persistence and function after infection are maintained by low-level peptide:MHC class II presentation. J Immunol 2013; 190:2828-34; PMID:23382562; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seder R, Ahmed R. Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8 effector and memory T cells generation. Nat Immunol 2003; 4:835-42; PMID:12942084; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni969
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzonna JE, Wei G, Yurkowski D, Bretscher P. Immune elimination of Leishmania major in mice: implications for immune memory, vaccination, and reactivation disease. J Immunol 2001; 167:6967-74; PMID:11739516; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams MA, Holmes BJ, Sun JC, Bevan MJ. Developing and maintaining protective CD8+ memory T cells. Immunol Rev 2006; 211:146-53; PMID:16824124; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00389.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adkins B, Leclerc C, Marshall-Clarke S. Neonatal adaptive immunity comes of age. Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4:553-64; PMID:15229474; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erlebacher A. Mechanisms of T cell tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:23-33; PMID:23237963; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz-Suano A, Hamilton AB, Betz AG. Gimme shelter: the immune system during pregnancy. Immunol Rev 2011; 241:20-38; PMID:21488887; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01002.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samstein RM, Josefowicz SZ, Arvey A, Treuting PM, Rudensky AY. Extrathymic generation of regulatory T cells in placental mammals mitigates maternal-fetal conflict. Cell 2012; 150:29-38; PMID:22770213; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi V, Ertelt JM, Jiang TT, Kinder JM, Xin L, Owens KJ, Jones HN, Way SS. CXCR3 blockade protects against Listeria monocytogenes infection-induced fetal wastage. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1713-25; PMID:25751061; http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI78578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JH, Ertelt JM, Aguilera MN, Farrar MA, Way SS. Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell expansion required for sustaining pregnancy compromises host defense against prenatal bacterial pathogens. Cell Host Microbe 2011; 10:54-64; PMID:21767812; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JH, Ertelt JM, Xin L, Way SS. Listeria monocytogenes cytoplasmic entry induces fetal wastage by disrupting maternal FoxP3+ regulatory cell-sustained fetal tolerance. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002873; PMID:22916020; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JH, Ertelt JM, Xin L, Way SS. Pregnancy imprints regulatory memory that sustains anergy to fetal antigen. Nature 2012; 490:102-6; PMID:23023128; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gammill HS, Adams Waldorf KM, Aydelotte TM, Lucas J, Leisenring WM, Lambert NC, Nelson JL. Pregnancy, microchimerism, and the maternal grandmother. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24101; PMID:21912617; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gammill HS, Stephenson MD, Aydelotte TM, Nelson JL. Microchimerism in recurrent miscarriage. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:589-94; PMID:25242272; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2014.82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gammill HS, Stephenson MD, Aydelotte TM, Nelson JL. Microchimerism in women with recurrent miscarriage. Chimerism 2014; 5:103-5; PMID:25779348; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19381956.2015.1017241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell D, MacGillivray I, Carr-Hill R. Pre-eclampsia in second pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92:131-40; PMID:3970893; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01064.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trupin L, Simon L, Eskenazi B. Change in paternity: a risk factor for preeclampsia in multiparas. Epidemiol 1996; 7:240-4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199605000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinder JM, Jiang TT, Clark DR, Chaturvedi V, Xin L, Ertelt JM, Way SS. Pregnancy-induced maternal regulatory T cells, bona fide memory or maintenance by antigenic reminder from fetal cell microchimerism? Chimerism 2014; 5:16-9; PMID:24553046; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/chim.28241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bianchi D, Zickwolf G, Weil G, Sylvester S, DeMaria M. Male fetal progenitor cells persist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum. PNAS 1996; 93:705-8; PMID:8570620; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.2.705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trowsdale J, Betz A. Mother's little helpers: mechanisms of maternal-fetal tolerance. Nat Immunol 2006; 7:241-6; PMID:16482172; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni1317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams KM, Lambert NC, Heimfeld S, Tylee TS, Pang JM, Erickson TD, Nelson JL. Male DNA in female donor apheresis and CD34-enriched products. Blood 2003; 102:3845-7; PMID:12869496; http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-05-1570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donoghue K, Chan J, de la Fuente J, Kennea N, Sandison A, Anderson JR, Roberts IA, Fisk NM. Microchimerism in female bone marrow and bone decades after fetal mesenchymal stem-cell trafficking in pregnancy. Lancet 2004; 364:179-82; PMID:15246731; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16631-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulder PJ, Watkins DI. Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8:619-30; PMID:18617886; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver MK, Telfer S, Piertney SB. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) heterozygote superiority to natural multi-parasite infections in the water vole (Arvicola terrestris). Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:1119-28; PMID:19129114; http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israeli M, Kristt D, Nardi Y, Klein T. Genetic Considerations in Human Sex-Mate Selection: Partners Share Human Leukocyte Antigen but not Short-Tandem-Repeat Identity Markers. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 71:467-71; PMID:24589062; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aji.12213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaix R, Cao C, Donnelly P. Is mate choice in humans MHC-dependent? PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000184; PMID:18787687; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ober C, Weitkamp LR, Cox N, Dytch H, Kostyu D, Elias S. HLA and mate choice in humans. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:497-504; PMID:9326314 http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/515511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson JL. The otherness of self: microchimerism in health and disease. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:421-7; PMID:22609148; http://dx.doi.org/; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2012.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens AM. Microchimeric cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: targets or innocent bystanders? Lupus 2006; 15:820-6; PMID:17153857; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203306070068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson JL, Gillespie KM, Lambert NC, Stevens AM, Loubiere LS, Rutledge JC, Leisenring WM, Erickson TD, Yan Z, Mullarkey ME, et al. Maternal microchimerism in peripheral blood in type 1 diabetes and pancreatic islet β cell microchimerism. PNAS 2007; 104:1637-42; PMID:17244711; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606169104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feitsma AL, Worthington J, van der Helm-van Mil AH, Plant D, Thomson W, Ursum J, van Schaardenburg D, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, van Rood JJ, Huizinga TW, et al. Protective effect of noninherited maternal HLA-DR antigens on rheumatoid arthritis development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:19966-70; PMID:18077428; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710260104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rak JM, Maestroni L, Balandraud N, Guis S, Boudinet H, Guzian MC, Yan Z, Azzouz D, Auger I, Roudier C, et al. Transfer of the shared epitope through microchimerism in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60:73-80; PMID:19117368; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.24224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Hazes JM, Schreuder GM, Radstake TR, Barrera P, van de Putte LB, Mustamu D, van Schaardenburg D, Breedveld FC, de Vries RR. Influence of non-inherited maternal HLA-DR antigens on susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Annal rheum Dis 1998; 57:672-5; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.57.11.672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegorzewska M, Le T, Tang Q, MacKenzie TC. Increased maternal T cell microchimerism in the allogeneic fetus during LPS-induced preterm labor in mice. Chimerism 2015:1-6; PMID:25779065; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19381956.2014.1002703
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reed AM, Picornell YJ, Harwood A, Kredich DW. Chimerism in children with juvenile dermatomyositis. Lancet 2000; 356:2156-7; PMID:11191546; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03500-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artlett CM, Ramos R, Jiminez SA, Patterson K, Miller FW, Rider LG. Chimeric cells of maternal origin in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Group. Lancet 2000; 356:2155-6; PMID:11191545; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03499-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens AM, Hermes HM, Rutledge JC, Buyon JP, Nelson JL. Myocardial-tissue-specific phenotype of maternal microchimerism in neonatal lupus congenital heart block. Lancet 2003; 362:1617-23; PMID:14630442; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14795-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suskind DL, Rosenthal P, Heyman MB, Kong D, Magrane G, Baxter-Lowe LA, Muench MO. Maternal microchimerism in the livers of patients with biliary atresia. BMC Gastroenterol 2004; 4:14; PMID:15285784; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-4-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gammill H, Nelson J. Naturally acquired microchimerism. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:531-43; PMID:19924635; http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.082767hg
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijagal A, Fleck S, Hills NK, Feng S, Tang Q, Kang SM, Rosenthal P, MacKenzie TC. Decreased risk of graft failure with maternal liver transplantation in patients with biliary atresia. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:409-19; PMID:22221561; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03895.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta P, Dart M, Roenneburg DA, Torrealba JR, Burlingham WJ. Pretransplant immune-regulation predicts allograft tolerance. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1296-301; PMID:21449933; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03484.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurel MC, Kanellopoulos-Langevin C. Heredity-venturing beyond genetics. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:2-8; PMID:18401011; http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.107.065607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar