The Underlying Mechanisms of Handwriting of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

References

• Alaniz, M. L., Galit, E., Necesito, C. I., & Rosario, E. R. (2015). Hand strength, handwriting, and functional skills in children with autism. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(4), 1–9. doi:10.5014/ajot.2015.016022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association, & . (, & . (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association, & . (, & . (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Berninger, V. W. (2000). Development of language by hand and its connections with language by ear, mouth, and eye. Topics in Language Disorders, 20(2), 69–80. doi:10.1097/00011363-200020040-00007
   Google Scholar
• Blijd-Hoogewys, E. M. A., Bezemer, M. L., & van Geert, P. L. C. (2014). Executive functioning in children with ASD: An analysis of the BRIEF. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 3089–3100. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2176-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bölte, S., Schipper, E., Robison, J. E., Wong, V. C. N., Selb, M., & Singhal, N., et al. (2014). Classification of functioning and impairment: The development of ICF core sets for autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 7(1), 167–172. doi:10.1002/aur.1335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, T., & Link, J. (2016). The association between measures of visual perception, visual-motor integration, and in-hand manipulation skills of school-age children and their manuscript handwriting speed. The British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(3), 163–171. doi:10.1177/0308022615600179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. S., McDonald, J. L., Brown, T. L., & Carr, T. H. (1988). Adapting to processing demands in discourse production: The case of handwriting. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14(1), 45–59.
   Google Scholar
• Cao, F., Sussman, B. L., Rios, V., Yan, X., Wang, Z., Spray, G. J., & Mack, R. M. (2017). Different mechanisms in learning different second languages: Evidence from English speakers learning Chinese and Spanish. NeuroImage, 148(1), 284–295. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.042
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cartmill, L., Rodger, S., & Ziviani, J. (2009). Handwriting of eight-year-old children with autistic handwriting of eight-year-old children with autistic spectrum disorder: an exploration spectrum disorder: An exploration. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 2(1), 103–118. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.009
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, C. A. (2005). The role of orthographic-motor integration in the production of creative and well-structured written text for students in secondary school. Educational Psychology, 25(5), 441–453. doi:10.1080/01443410500042076
   Google Scholar
• De Schipper, E., Mahdi, S., de Vries, P., Granlund, M., Holtmann, M., & Karande, S., et al. (2016). Functioning and disability in autism spectrum disorder: A worldwide survey of experts. Autism Research, 9(9), 959–969. doi:10.1002/aur.1592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dockrell, J. E., Ricketts, J., Charman, G., & Lindsay, G. (2014). Exploring writing products in students with language impairments and autism spectrum disorders. Learning and Instruction, 32(1), 81–90. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.01.008
   Google Scholar
• Eigisti, I., de Marchena, A. B., Schuh, J. M., & Kelley, E. (2011). Language acquisition in autism spectrum disorders: A developmental review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 681–692. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.09.001
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, A. W. (Ed.). (1982). Normality and pathology in cognitive functions. New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Engel-Yeger, B., Hus, S., & Rosenblum, S. (2012). Age effects on sensory-processing abilities and their impact on handwriting. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(5), 264–274. doi:10.2182/cjot.2012.79.5.2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder, K. P., & Majnemer, A. (2007). Handwriting development, competency, and intervention. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 49(4), 312–317. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder, K., Majnemer, A., & Synnes, A. (2000). Handwriting: Current trends in occupational therapy practice. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(3), 197–204. doi:10.1177/000841740006700313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finnegan, E., & Accardo, A. L. (2018). Written expression in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(1), 868–882. doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3385-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forti, S., Valli, A., Perego, P., Nobile, M., Crippa, A., & Molteni, M. (2011). Motor planning and control in autism. A kinematic analysis of preschool children. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 834–842. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.09.013
   Google Scholar
• Fournier, K. A., Hass, C. J., Naik, S. K., Lodha, N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010). Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(1), 1227–1240. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0981-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fuentes, C. T., Mostofsky, S. H., & Bastian, A. J. (2009). Children with autism show specific handwriting impairments. Neurology, 73(19), 1532–1537. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c0d48c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuentes, C. T., Mostofsky, S. H., & Bastian, A. J. (2010). Perceptual reasoning predicts handwriting impairments in adolescents with autism. Neurology, 75(20), 1825–1829. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fd633d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowen, E., & Hamilton, A. (2013). Motor abilities in autism: A review using a computation context. Journal of Autism Development Disorder, 43(1), 323–344. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1574-0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grace, N., Enticott, P. G., Johnson, B. P., & Rinehart, N. J. (2017). Do handwriting difficulties correlate with core symptomology, motor proficiency and attentional behaviours? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(4), 1006–1017. doi:10.1007/s10803-016-3019-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace, N., Rinehart, N. J., Enticott, P. G., & Johnson, B. P. (2017). Do children with ASD have difficulty handwriting under time pressure? Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 37(1), 21–30. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2017.02.001
   Google Scholar
• Granader, Y., Wallace, G. L., Hardy, K. K., Yerys, B. E., Lawson, R. A., Rosenthal, M., & Kenworthy, L. (2014). Characterizing the factor structure of parent reported executive functioning in autism spectrum disorders: The impact of cognitive inflexibility. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 3056–3062. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2169-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellinckx, T., Roeyers, H., & Van Waelvelde, H. (2013). Predictors of handwriting in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(1), 176–186. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoy, M. M. P., Egan, M. Y., & Feder, K. P. (2011). A systematic review of interventions to improve handwriting. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(1), 13–25. doi:10.2182/cjot.2011.78.1.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iarocci, G., & McDonald, J. (2006). Sensory integration and the perceptual experience of persons with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 77–90. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0044-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. P., Papadopoulos, N., Fielding, J., Tonge, B., Phillips, J. G., & Rinehart, N. J. (2013). A quantitative comparison of handwriting in children with high-functioning autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(12), 1638–1646. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. P., Phillips, J. G., Papadopoulos, N., Fielding, J., Tonge, B., & Rinehart, N. J. (2013). Understanding macrographia in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(9), 2917–2926. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel, S., Peereman, R., Grosjacques, G., & Fayol, M. (2011). For a psycholinguistic model of handwriting production: Testing the syllable-bigram controversy. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 37(4), 1310–1322. doi:10.1037/a0023094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushki, A., Chau, T., & Anagnostou, E. (2011). Handwriting difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(12), 1706–1716. doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1206-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y., Chao, Y., Hsu, C., Hsu, H., Chen, P., & Kuo, L. (2019). The effect of task complexity on handwriting kinetics. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 86(2), 158–168. doi:10.1177/0008417419832327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li-Tsang, C., Li, T. M. H., Ho, C. H. Y., Lau, M. S. W., & Leung, H. W. H. (2018). The relationship between sensorimotor and handwriting performance in Chinese adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 48(9), 3093–3100. doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3580-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfra, L., Squires, C., Dinehart, L. H. B., Bleiker, C., Hartman, S. C., & Winsler, A. (2016). Preschool writing and premathematics predict grade 3 achievement for low-income, ethnically diverse children. The Journal of Educational Research. doi:10.1080/00220671.2016.1145095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick, C., Hepburn, S., Young, G. S., & Rogers, S. J. (2016). Sensory symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder, other developmental disorders and typical development: A longitudinal study. Autism, 20(5), 572–579. doi:10.1177/1362361315599755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, M., Chukoskie, L., Zinni, M., Townsend, J., & Trauner, D. (2014). Dyspraxia, motor function and visual-motor integration in autism. Behavioural Brain Research, 269, 95–102. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paquet, A., Olliac, B., & Golse, B. (2017). Evaluation of neuromuscular tone phenotypes in children with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study. Clinical Neuropsychology, 47(4), 261–268. doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2017.07.001
   Google Scholar
• Pennington, R. C., & Delano, M. E. (2012). Writing instructions for students with autism spectrum disorders: A review of literature. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 27(3), 158–167. doi:10.1177/1088357612451318
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon, K. K. (2011). The activities and participation of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in Singapore: Findings from an ICF-based instrument. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(8), 790–800. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01397.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Portier, S. J., van Galen, G. P., & Thomassen, A. J. W. H. (1993). Phonological and orthographic demands in the production of handwriting. Acta Psychologica, 82(1), 251–274. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(93)90015-j
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puranik, C., & AlOtaiba, S. (2012). Examining the contribution of handwriting and spelling to written expression in kindergarten children. Reading and Writing, 25(7), 1523–1546. doi:10.1007/s11145-011-9331-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rommelse, N. N., Van der Stigchel, S., & Sergeant, J. A. (2008). A review on eye movement in childhood and adolescent psychiatry. Brain and Cognition, 68(3), 391–414. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenblum, S., Ben-Simhon, H. A., Meyer, S., & Gal, E. (2019). Predictors of handwriting performance among children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 60(1), 16–24. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Rosenblum, S., Weiss, P. L., & Parush, S. (2003). Product and process evaluation of handwriting difficulties. Educational Psychology Review, 15(1), 41–81. doi:10.1023/A:1021371425220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetreat-Klein, M., Shinnar, S., & Rapin, I. (2014). Abnormalities of joint mobility and gait in children with autism spectrum disorders. Brain & Development, 36(2), 91–96. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2012.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, Z., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., & Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(1), 467–473. doi:10.7326/M18-0850
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Galen, G. P. (1991). Handwriting: Issues for a psychomotor theory. Human Movement Science, 10(1), 165–191. doi:10.1016/0167-9457(91)90003-G
   Google Scholar
• Volman, M. J. M., van Schendel, B. M., & Jongmans, M. J. (2006). Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: A search for determinants. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60(4), 451–460. doi:10.5014/ajot.60.4.451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weintraub, N., Drory-Asayag, A., Dekel, R., Jokobovits, H., & Parush, S. (2007). Developmental trends in handwriting performance among middle school children. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 27(3), 104–112. doi:10.1177/153944920702700304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. L., Goldstein, G., & Minshew, N. J. (2006). The profile of memory function in children with autism. Neuropsychology, 20(1), 21–29. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.1.21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2007). ICF-CY: International classification of functioning, disability, and health, children & youth version. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Zajic, M. C., & Wilson, S. E. (2020). Writing research involving children with autism spectrum disorder without a co-occurring intellectual disability: A systematic review using a language domains and mediational systems framework. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 70(1), 101471. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101471
   Google Scholar