References
- Johns Hopkins University. COVID-19 dashboard; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html .
- World Health Organization (WHO). The effects of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-effects-of-virus-variants-on-covid-19-vaccines?gclid=CjwKCAjwoNuGBhA8EiwAFxomA5sAy_gJ2N5fP5fgIyJRGjThpJYUIGAc6m_1ENEE5wvAlgjAz1JoFxoCV0UQAvD_BwE .
- World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19); n.d. [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://extranet.who.int/pqweb/vaccines/covid-19-vaccines .
- United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA takes key action in fight against COVID-19 by issuing emergency use authorization for first COVID-19 vaccine; 2020 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19 .
- United States Food and Drug Administration. Moderna COVID-19 vaccine; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/moderna-covid-19-vaccine .
- United States Food and Drug Administration. Janssen COVID-19 vaccine; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/janssen-covid-19-vaccine .
- Brueck H, Dunn A. Business insider Why Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine is probably the best shot; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.businessinsider.com/johnson-and-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-arguably-the-best-2021-2 .
- Brueck H. Business insider. How does Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine stack up against shots from Pfizer and Moderna?; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-vaccines-compared-pfizer-moderna-johnson-and-johnson-2021-1 .
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Joint CDC and FDA statement on Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0413-JJ-vaccine.html .
- MacNeil JR, Su JR, Broder KR, Guh AY, Gargano JW, Wallace M, Hadler SC, Scobie HM, Blain AE, Moulia D, et al. Updated recommendations from the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine after reports of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome among vaccine recipients — United States, April 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(17):651–56. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7017e4 .
- Shay DK, Gee J, Su JR, Myers TR, Marquez P, Liu R, Zhang B, Licata C, Clark TA, Shimabukuro TT. Safety monitoring of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine - United States, March-April 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(18):680–84. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7018e2. PMID: 33956784.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS); 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/vaers.html .
- The White House. Press briefing by White House COVID-19 response team and public health officials, transcript from April 14, 2021; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/04/14/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-28/ .
- Almasy S, Maxouris C. CNN. NIH director says J & J vaccine pause will give researchers time to do more study on certain groups; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/14/health/us-coronavirus-wednesday/index.html
- Randolph W, Viswanath K. Lessons learned from public health mass media campaigns: marketing health in a crowded media world. Annu Rev Public Health. 2004;25(1):419–37. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123046. PMID: 15015928.
- Dhanani LY, Franz B. The Role of News Consumption and Trust in Public Health Leadership in Shaping COVID-19 Knowledge and Prejudice. Front Psychol. 2020;11:560828. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560828. PMID: 33192827; PMCID: PMC7642623.
- Basnyat I, Lee ST. Framing of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in a Singaporean newspaper. Health Promot Int. 2015;30(4):942–53. doi:10.1093/heapro/dau028. PMID: 24842078.
- Anwar A, Malik M, Raees V, Anwar A. Role of mass media and public health communications in the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus. 2020;12(9):e10453. doi:10.7759/cureus.10453. PMID: 33072461; PMCID: PMC7557800.
- National institutes of health, plain language at NIH; n.d. [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication/plain-language .
- Brilli Y, Lucifora C, Russo A, Tonello M. Influenza vaccination behavior and media reporting of adverse events. Health Policy (New York). 2020;124(12):1403–11. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.08.010 .
- Agility. Top 10 US newspapers by circulation. [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.agilitypr.com/resources/top-media-outlets/top-10-daily-american-newspapers/ .
- The New York Times 2020 annual report. [accessed 2021 August 19]. https://nytco-assets.nytimes.com/2021/03/Final-NYT-2020-Annual-Report.pdf .
- Gannett Co. Annual report. [accessed 2021 August 19]. https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001579684/738c2ddb-7f33-48c7-80f9-0c2a79094433.pdf .
- NewsCorp annual report. [accessed 2021 August 19]. https://investors.newscorp.com/static-files/dc8c7cee-bb03-4571-a036-b1418af9821c .
- Dedoose Version 8.0.35. Web application for managing, analyzing, and presenting qualitative and mixed method research data. Los Angeles (CA): SocioCultural Research Consultants, LLC; 2018. www.dedoose.com .
- Fereday J, Muir-Cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. Int J Qual Methods. 2006;5(1):80–92. doi:10.1177/160940690600500107 .
- Morse JM. Analytic strategies and sample size. Qual Health Res. 2015;25(10):1317–18. doi:10.1177/1049732315602867 .
- Ma KK, Schaffner W, Colmenares C, Howser J, Jones J, Poehling KA. Influenza vaccinations of young children increased with media coverage in 2003. Pediatrics. 2006;117(2):e157–63. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1079 .
- Hansen ND, Mølbak K, Cox IJ, Lioma C. Relationship between media coverage and MMR vaccination uptake in Denmark: retrospective study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2019;5(1):e9544.). doi:10.2196/publichealth.9544 .
- Robinson E, Jones A, Lesser I, Daly M. International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally representative samples. Vaccine. 2021;39(15):2024–34. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.005 .
- Nomura S, Eguchi A, Yoneoka D, Kawashima T, Tanoue Y, Murakami M, Sakamoto H, Maruyama-Sakurai K, Gilmour S, Shi S, et al. Reasons for being unsure or unwilling regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccine among Japanese people: a large cross-sectional national survey. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021;14:100223. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100223 .
- United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA and CDC lift recommended pause on Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) COVID-19 vaccine use following thorough safety review; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-and-cdc-lift-recommended-pause-johnson-johnson-janssen-covid-19-vaccine-use-following-thorough .
- United States Food and Drug Administration. Janssen letter granting EUA amendment; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.fda.gov/media/147865/download .
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 vaccine overview and safety; 2021 [accessed 2021 Jul 7]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/janssen.html .
- Catalan-Matamoros D, Elías C. Vaccine hesitancy in the age of coronavirus and fake news: analysis of journalistic sources in the Spanish quality press. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):8136. doi:10.3390/ijerph17218136 .
- Haas T. The pursuit of public journalism: theory, practice, and criticism. New York (NY, USA): Routledge; 2007 .
- World Health Organization (WHO). Understanding the infodemic and misinformation in the fight against COVID-19. [accessed 2021 August 16]. https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/52052/Factsheet-infodemic_eng.pdf?sequence=14 .
- Tejedor S, Cervi L, Tusa F, Portales M, Zabotina M. Information on the COVID-19 pandemic in Daily Newspapers’ front pages: case study of Spain and Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):6330. doi:10.3390/ijerph17176330. PMID: 32878092; PMCID: PMC7503229.
- Basch CH, Kecojevic A, Wagner VH. Coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the online versions of highly circulated U.S. Daily Newspapers. J Community Health. 2020;45(6):1089–97. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00913-w. PMID: 32902813; PMCID: PMC7479997.
- Apuke OD, Omar B. How do Nigerian newspapers report COVID-19 pandemic? The implication for awareness and prevention. Health Educ Res. 2020;35(5):471–80. doi:10.1093/her/cyaa031. PMID: 33090216; PMCID: PMC7665478.