Toll road crash severity using mixed logit model incorporating heterogeneous mean structures

References

• Abdelwahab, H. T., and M. A. Abdel-Aty. 2002. “Artificial Neural Networks and Logit Models for Traffic Safety Analysis of Toll Plazas.” Transportation Research Record 1784 (1): 115–125. https://doi.org/10.3141/1784-15.
   Google Scholar
• Abuzwidah, M., and M. Abdel-Aty. 2015. “Safety Assessment of the Conversion of Toll Plazas to all-Electronic Toll Collection System.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 80:153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abuzwidah, M., and M. Abdel-Aty. 2018. “Crash Risk Analysis of Different Designs of Toll Plazas.” Safety Science 107:77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.02.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abuzwidah, M., M. Abdel-Aty, and M. M. Ahmed. 2014. “Safety Evaluation of Hybrid Main-Line Toll Plazas.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2435:53–60. https://doi.org/10.3141/2435-07.
   Google Scholar
• Alrejjal, A., M. Moomen, and K. Ksaibati. 2022. “Evaluating the Impact of Traffic Violations on Crash Injury Severity on Wyoming Interstates: An Investigation with a Random Parameters Model with Heterogeneity in Means Approach.” Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 9:654–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2021.05.003.
   Google Scholar
• Anastasopoulos, P. Ch., and F. L. Mannering. 2011. “An Empirical Assessment of Fixed and Random Parameter Logit Models Using Crash- and Non-crash-specific Injury Data.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 43 (3): 1140–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardekani, S. 1991. “Economic Evaluation of Toll Plaza Operations.” Tandem 600:700–800.
   Google Scholar
• Bhat, C. R. 2001. “Quasi-random Maximum Simulated Likelihood Estimation of the Mixed Multinomial Logit Model.” Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 35 (7): 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-2615(00)00014-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerwick, D. M., K. Gkritza, M. S. Shaheed, and Z. Hans. 2014. “A Comparison of the Mixed Logit and Latent Class Methods for Crash Severity Analysis.” Analytic Methods in Accident Research 3–4:11–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amar.2014.09.002.
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, M., S. Stapleton, M. Ghamami, and T. Gates. 2020. “Safety Effectiveness of All-Electronic Toll Collection Systems.” Advances in Transportation Studies, 127–142. https://doi.org/10.4399/978882553451111.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, F., S. Yasmin, H. Huang, A. H. S. Chan, and Md. M. Haque. 2021. “Injury Severity Analysis of Motorcycle Crashes: A Comparison of Latent Class Clustering and Latent Segmentation Based Models with Unobserved Heterogeneity.” Analytic Methods in Accident Research 32:100188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amar.2021.100188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, F., and S. Chen. 2011. “Injury Severities of Truck Drivers in Single- and Multi-vehicle Accidents on Rural Highways.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 43 (5): 1677–1688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S., T. U. Saeed, S. D. Alqadhi, and S. Labi. 2019. “Safety Impacts of Pavement Surface Roughness at two-Lane and Multi-lane Highways: Accounting for Heterogeneity and Seemingly Unrelated Correlation Across Crash Severities.” Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 15 (1): 18–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2017.1378281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz, D. M. V., B. C. Ríos, J. R. González, B. R. Cruz, R. G. Rosario, and E. C. Torres. 2016. “Operational and Safety-based Analyses of Varied Toll Lanes (Digital/other).”
   Google Scholar
• Ding, J., F. Ye, and J. Lu. 2008. “Impact of ETC on Traffic Safety at Toll Plaza.” In Plan, Build, and Manage Transportation Infrastructure in China, edited by R. Liu, D. Yang, and J. Lu, 695–701. Shanghai, China: Tongji University.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, C., D. B. Clarke, S. S. Nambisan, and B. Huang. 2016. “Analyzing Injury Crashes Using Random-parameter Bivariate Regression Models.” Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 12 (9): 794–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2016.1177134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordin, E., J. Klodzinski, and C. Dos Santos. 2011. “Safety Benefits from Deployment of Open Road Tolling for Main-Line Toll Plazas in Florida.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2229:85–92. https://doi.org/10.3141/2229-10.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, F., S. Himes, R. Baig, and B. Szeto. 2021. “Application of Data-driven Safety Analysis to Support Port Authority Investment Decisions for Converting Conventional Toll Plazas to Open-Road Tolling.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675 (11): 935–945. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981211021855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haleem, K., and A. Gan. 2013. “Effect of Driver’s age and Side of Impact on Crash Severity Along Urban Freeways: A Mixed Logit Approach.” Journal of Safety Research 46:67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2013.04.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M., and F. Mannering. 2020. “A Temporal Analysis of Driver-injury Severities in Crashes Involving Aggressive and Non-aggressive Driving.” Analytic Methods in Accident Research 27:100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amar.2020.100128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, S. M., S. Washington, J. Kim, and M. M. Haque. 2023. “A Hierarchical Multinomial Logit Model to Examine the Effects of Signal Strategies on Right-turn Crash Injury Severity at Signalised Intersections.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 188:107091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khattak, A. J. 2001. “Injury Severity in Multivehicle Rear-end Crashes.” Transportation Research Record 1746 (1): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.3141/1746-08.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J.-K., G. F. Ulfarsson, S. Kim, and V. N. Shankar. 2013. “Driver-injury Severity in Single-vehicle Crashes in California: A Mixed Logit Analysis of Heterogeneity due to age and Gender.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 50:1073–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.08.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J.-K., G. F. Ulfarsson, V. N. Shankar, and S. Kim. 2008. “Age and Pedestrian Injury Severity in Motor-vehicle Crashes: A Heteroskedastic Logit Analysis.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 40 (5): 1695–1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.06.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C., and M. Abdel-Aty. 2008. “Presence of Passengers: Does it Increase or Reduce Driver’s Crash Potential?” Accident Analysis & Prevention 40 (5): 1703–1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., Y. Ci, C. Chen, G. Zhang, Q. Wu, Z. (Sean) Qian, P. D. Prevedouros, and D. T. Ma. 2019. “Investigation of Driver Injury Severities in Rural Single-vehicle Crashes under Rain Conditions Using Mixed Logit and Latent Class Models.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 124:219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.12.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., S. He, and Y. Liu. 2020. “Study on the Prediction Methods for the Number of Freeway Accidents during the Free-tolling Holidays Based on Social-network Information: A Case from Jiangsu Freeway.” 2882–2891. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784483053.243.
   Google Scholar
• Mannering, F. L., V. Shankar, and C. R. Bhat. 2016. “Unobserved Heterogeneity and the Statistical Analysis of Highway Accident Data.” Analytic Methods in Accident Research 11:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amar.2016.04.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden, D., and K. Train. 2000. “Mixed MNL Models for Discrete Response.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 15 (5): 447–470. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1255(200009/10)15:5<447::AID-JAE570>3.0.CO;2-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton, J. C., V. N. Shankar, and F. L. Mannering. 2008. “Highway Accident Severities and the Mixed Logit Model: An Exploratory Empirical Analysis.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 40 (1): 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misokefalou, E., F. Papadimitriou, P. Kopelias, and N. Eliou. 2016. “Evaluating Driver Distraction Factors in Urban Motorways. A Naturalistic Study Conducted in Attica Tollway, Greece.” In Presented at the Transportation Research Procedia, 771–782. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.06.064.
   Google Scholar
• Mohamed, A. A., M. Abdel-Aty, and J. G. Klodzinski. 2001. “Safety Considerations in Designing Electronic Toll Plazas: Case Study.” ITE Journal 71:20–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, A., and F. L. Mannering. 2011. “The Effects of Road-surface Conditions, Age, and Gender on Driver-injury Severities.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 43 (5): 1852–1863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obaid, I., A. Alnedawi, G. M. Aboud, R. Tamakloe, H. Zuabidi, and S. Das. 2023. “Factors Associated with Driver Injury Severity of Motor Vehicle Crashes on Sealed and Unsealed Pavements: Random Parameter Model with Heterogeneity in Means and Variances.” International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 12 (2): 460–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2022.04.002.
   Google Scholar
• Pai, C.-W., and W. Saleh. 2008. “Modelling Motorcyclist Injury Severity by Various Crash Types at T-Junctions in the UK.” Safety Science 46 (8): 1234–1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.07.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penmetsa, P., and S. S. Pulugurtha. 2018. “Modeling Crash Injury Severity by Road Feature to Improve Safety.” Traffic Injury Prevention 19 (1): 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2017.1335396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razi-Ardakani, H., A. Mahmoudzadeh, and M. Kermanshah. 2019. “What Factors Results in Having a Severe Crash? A Closer Look on Distraction-related Factors.” Cogent Engineering 6 (1): 1708652. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2019.1708652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rephlo, J., M. Carter, M. Robinson, B. Katz, and K. Philmus. 2010. “Toll Facilities Workplace Safety Study Report to Congress (Web).”
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, J. H., H. Al-Deek, A. H. Alomari, E. Gordin, and G. Carrick. 2016. “Modeling the Risk of Wrong-way Driving on Freeways and Toll Roads.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2554:166–176. https://doi.org/10.3141/2554-18.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, J. H., H. Al-Deek, and A. Sandt. 2014. “Wrong-way Driving Incidents on Central Florida Toll Road Network, Phase-1 Study: An Investigation into the Extent of this Problem?” 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413586.032.
   Google Scholar
• Sandt, A., and H. Al-Deek. 2021. “Estimating Fatality and Injury Savings Because of Deployment of Advanced Wrong-way Driving Countermeasures on a Toll Road Network.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675 (6): 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120986573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandt, A., H. Al-Deek, M. I. Kayes, P. Blue, and V. Gamero. 2019. “Benefit–Cost Analyses of Rectangular Flashing Beacon Wrong-way Driving Countermeasures on Toll Road Exit Ramps in Florida.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119895237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savolainen, P. T., F. L. Mannering, D. Lord, and M. A. Quddus. 2011. “The Statistical Analysis of Highway Crash-injury Severities: A Review and Assessment of Methodological Alternatives.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 43 (5): 1666–1676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaheed, M. S. B., K. Gkritza, W. Zhang, and Z. Hans. 2013. “A Mixed Logit Analysis of Two-vehicle Crash Severities Involving a Motorcycle.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 61:119–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swan, P. F., and M. H. Belzer. 2013. “Tolling and Economic Efficiency: Do the Pecuniary Benefits Exceed the Safety Costs?” Public Works Management & Policy 18 (2): 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087724X12461143.
   Google Scholar
• Train, K. E. 2009. Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Valdés, D., B. Colucci, D. Fisher, J. Valdés, E. Colón, R. García, and J. Rivera. 2016. “Operational and Safety-based Analysis of Toll Plaza Signage Using Driving Simulation.” Advances in Transportation Studies, 1(1), 23–36.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, K., N. Shirani-bidabadi, M. Razaur Rahman Shaon, S. Zhao, and E. Jackson. 2021. “Correlated Mixed Logit Modeling with Heterogeneity in Means for Crash Severity and Surrogate Measure with Temporal Instability.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 160:106332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Washington, S., M. G. Karlaftis, F. Mannering, and P. Anastasopoulos. 2020. Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, P. L., and R. B. Westin. 1975. “Transferability of Disaggregate Mode Choice Models.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 5 (2): 227–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(75)90005-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Q., F. Chen, G. Zhang, X. C. Liu, H. Wang, and S. M. Bogus. 2014. “Mixed Logit Model-based Driver Injury Severity Investigations in Single- and Multi-vehicle Crashes on Rural Two-lane Highways.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 72:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.06.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing, L., J. He, Y. Li, Y. Wu, J. Yuan, and X. Gu. 2020. “Comparison of Different Models for Evaluating Vehicle Collision Risks at Upstream Diverging Area of Toll Plaza.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 135:105343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.105343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., K. Ozbay, and B. Bartin. 2012. “Effects of Open Road Tolling on Safety Performance of Freeway Mainline Toll Plazas.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 101–109. https://doi.org/10.3141/2324-12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H, K Ozbay, B Bartin, and O Ozturk. 2014. “Assessing the Safety Effects of Removing Highway Mainline Barrier Toll Plazas.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 140 (8): 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Yasmin, S., and N. Eluru. 2018. “A Joint Econometric Framework for Modeling Crash Counts by Severity.” Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 14 (3): 230–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2017.1369469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, F., and D. Lord. 2011. “Investigation of Effects of Underreporting Crash Data on Three Commonly Used Traffic Crash Severity Models: Multinomial Logit, Ordered Probit, and Mixed Logit.” Transportation Research Record 2241 (1): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.3141/2241-06.
   Google Scholar
• Ye, F., and D. Lord. 2014. “Comparing Three Commonly Used Crash Severity Models on Sample Size Requirements: Multinomial Logit, Ordered Probit and Mixed Logit Models.” Analytic Methods in Accident Research 1:72–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amar.2013.03.001.
   Google Scholar
• Young, K., M. Regan, and M. Hammer. 2007. “Driver Distraction: A Review of the Literature.” Distracted Driving 2007:379–405.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng, Q., Q. Wang, F. Wang, and N. N. Sze. 2022. “Revisiting Spatial Correlation in Crash Injury Severity: A Bayesian Generalized Ordered Probit Model with Leroux Conditional Autoregressive Prior.” Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 18 (3): 1084–1102. https://doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2021.1922536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar