Reference
- Agostino, D., Arnaboldi, M., & Lema, M. D. (2021). New development: COVID-19 as an accelerator of digital transformation in public service delivery. Public Money & Management, 41(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1764206
- Ahn, M. J., & Chen, Y.-C. (2022). Digital transformation toward AI-augmented public administration: The perception of government employees and the willingness to use AI in government. Government Information Quarterly, 39(2), 101664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101664
- Andersen, J. (1995). Leadership and leadership theories–About what answers the leadership research can give. Bedriftsøkonomens Forlag A/S.
- Avolio, B., & Bass, B. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire (TM). Mind Garden, Inc.
- Bahamondes-Rosado, M. E., Cerdá-Suárez, L. M., Dodero Ortiz de Zevallos, G. F., & Espinosa-Cristia, J. F. (2023). Technostress at work during the COVID-19 lockdown phase (2020–2021): A systematic review of the literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1173425. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1173425
- Baig, S. A., Iqbal, S., Abrar, M., Baig, I. A., Amjad, F., Zia-Ur-Rehman, M., & Awan, M. U. (2021). Impact of leadership styles on employees’ performance with moderating role of positive psychological capital. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 32(9–10), 1085–1105. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2019.1665011
- Baker, J. P., & Hoidn, S. (2015). Transformational leadership. SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key questions regarding work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2010.485352
- Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
- Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the transactional – Transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychologist, 52(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130
- Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team, and organizational development. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4(1), 231–272.
- Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1991). The multifactor leadership questionnaire: Form 5x. Center for Leadership Studies, State University of New York.
- Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 112–121.
- Bauwens, R., Denissen, M., Van Beurden, J., & Coun, M. (2021). Can leaders prevent technology from backfiring? Empowering leadership as a double-edged sword for technostress in care. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 702648. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702648
- Beatty, C. A., & Lee, G. L. (1992). Leadership among middle managers-an exploration in the context of technological change. Human Relations, 45(9), 957–989. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679204500905
- Bencsik, A., & Juhász, T. (2023). The impact of technostress on organizational functioning. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(1), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(1).2023.20
- Bhaduri, R. M. (2019). Leveraging culture and leadership in crisis management. European Journal of Training and Development, 43(5/6), 554–569. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-10-2018-0109
- Breevaart, K., & Zacher, H. (2019). Main and interactive effects of weekly transformational and laissez‐faire leadership on followers’ trust in the leader and leader effectiveness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(2), 384–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12253
- Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: The human cost of the computer revolution. Addison-Wesley.
- Byrne, B. M. (2010). Multivariate applications series. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
- Camacho, S., & Barrios, A. (2022). Teleworking and technostress: Early consequences of a COVID-19 lockdown. Cognition, Technology & Work, 24(3), 441–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-022-00693-4
- Campbell, J. W. (2018a). Efficiency, incentives, and transformational leadership: Understanding collaboration preferences in the public sector. Public Performance & Management Review, 41(2), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2017.1403332
- Campbell, J. W. (2018b). Felt responsibility for change in public organizations: General and sector-specific paths. Public Management Review, 20(2), 232–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1302245
- Campbell, J. W., Lee, H., & Im, T. (2016). At the expense of others: Altruistic helping behavior, performance management and transformational leadership. Public Management Review, 18(6), 795–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1045018
- Castro, I., & Roldán, J. L. (2013). A mediation model between dimensions of social capital. International Business Review, 22(6), 1034–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.02.004
- Chua, S. L., Chen, D.-T., & Wong, A. F. (1999). Computer anxiety and its correlates: A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(5), 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00039-4
- Çiçek, B., & Kılınç, E. (2021). Can transformational leadership eliminate the negativity of technostress? Insights from the logistic industry. Business & Management Studies, 9(1), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v9i1.1770
- Çini, M. A., Erdirençelebi, M., & Akman, A. Z. (2023). The effect of organization employees’ perspective on digital transformation on their technostress levels and performance: A public institution example. Central European Business Review, 12(4), 33–57. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.331
- Clark, K., & Kalin, S. (1996). Technostressed Out? How to cope in the digital age. Library Journal, 121(13), 30–32.
- Çoklar, A. N., Efilti, E., & Şahin, Y. L. (2019). Technostress as a factor affecting the use of technology by beginning teachers. In Handbook of research on faculty development for digital teaching and learning (pp. 460–480). IGI Global.
- Crawford, C. B., Gould, L. V., & Scott, R. F. (2003). Transformational leader as champion and techie: Implications for leadership educators. Journal of Leadership Education, 2(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.12806/V2/I1/C3
- Crayne, M. P., & Medeiros, K. E. (2021). Making sense of crisis: Charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leadership in response to COVID-19. The American Psychologist, 76(3), 462–474. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000715
- Ćuk, K., Tonković Grabovac, M., & Loos Glebov, D. (2022). Technostress: Introduction to the concept and group differences on a sample of Croatian employees. Communication Management Review, 07(02), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.22522/cmr20220182
- Dong, Y., Xu, C., Chai, C. S., & Zhai, X. (2020). Exploring the structural relationship among teachers’ technostress, technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), computer self-efficacy and school support. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 29(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00461-5
- DuBrin, A. J. (2015). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Cengage Learning.
- Eisenbeiss, S. A., Van Knippenberg, D., & Boerner, S. (2008). Transformational leadership and team innovation: Integrating team climate principles. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1438–1446. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012716
- El Toufaili, B. (2018). The influence of subjective factors on the development of the transformational style of leadership. Review of International Comparative Management, 19(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.24818/RMCI.2018.2.124
- Feroz, A. S., Khoja, A., & Saleem, S. (2021). Equipping community health workers with digital tools for pandemic response in LMICs. Archives of Public Health = Archives Belges de Sante Publique, 79(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00513-z
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
- Frischer, J. (2006). Laissez-faire leadership versus empowering leadership in new product developing. Institutfor Uddannelse, Læring og Filosofi, Aalborg Universitet.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8nd ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
- Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
- Hair, J. F., Jr, Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
- Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Hu, L-t., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424–453. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424
- Kara, E., Kirpik, G., & Kaya, A. (2022). A research on digital violence in social media. In Handbook of research on digital violence and discrimination studies. IGI Global.
- Kenny, D. A. (2020). Measuring Model Fit. Retrieved December 25, 2021 from http://davidakenny.net/cm/fit.htm.
- Khasawneh, O. Y. (2020). Transformational leaders help their employees overcome their technophobia. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 16(3), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJTHI.2020070105
- Klein, V. B., & Todesco, J. L. (2021). COVID‐19 crisis and SMEs responses: The role of digital transformation. Knowledge and Process Management, 28(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1660
- Kniffin, K. M., Narayanan, J., Anseel, F., Antonakis, J., Ashford, S. P., Bakker, A. B., Bamberger, P., Bapuji, H., Bhave, D. P., Choi, V. K., Creary, S. J., Demerouti, E., Flynn, F. J., Gelfand, M. J., Greer, L. L., Johns, G., Kesebir, S., Klein, P. G., Lee, S. Y., … Vugt, M. v (2021). COVID-19 and the workplace: Implications, issues, and insights for future research and action. The American Psychologist, 76(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000716
- Larsson, J., & Vinberg, S. (2010). Leadership behaviour in successful organisations: Universal or situation-dependent? Total Quality Management, 21(3), 317–334.
- Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
- Li, H., Sajjad, N., Wang, Q., Muhammad Ali, A., Khaqan, Z., & Amina, S. (2019). Influence of transformational leadership on employees’ innovative work behavior in sustainable organizations: Test of mediation and moderation processes. Sustainability, 11(6), 1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061594
- Lin, W. L., Yip, N., Ho, J. A., & Sambasivan, M. (2020). The adoption of technological innovations in a B2B context and its impact on firm performance: An ethical leadership perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 89, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.12.009
- Lyons, J. B., & Schneider, T. R. (2009). The effects of leadership style on stress outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 737–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.06.010
- Marchiori, D. M., Mainardes, E. W., & Rodrigues, R. G. (2019). Do individual characteristics influence the types of technostress reported by workers? International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(3), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1449713
- Moore, J. E. (2000). One road to turnover: An examination of work exhaustion in technology professionals. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 141–168. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250982
- Muir, J. L. (2008). Surviving burnout: When stress starts to replace your old passion for work, make a change. Journal of Property Management, 73(1), 16–17.
- Offermann, L. R., & Hellmann, P. S. (1996). Leadership behavior and subordinate stress: A 360 view. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(4), 382–390. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.1.4.382
- Osborn, R. N., Hunt, J. G., & Jauch, L. R. (2002). Toward a contextual theory of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(6), 797–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00154-6
- Patel, S. (2022). Technology as a leadership context: An examination of technostress and group performance.
- Penado Abilleira, M., Rodicio-García, M. L., Ríos-de-Deus, M. P., & Mosquera-González, M. J. (2020). Technostress in Spanish university students: Validation of a measurement scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 582317. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.582317
- Peter, P. M. G., & Placido, D. M. (2023). The effects of a transformational leadership style and technological innovation on crisis management. International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies, 3(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.32996/Ijahs.2023.3.1.5
- Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
- Purwanto, A. (2020). Did transformational, transactional leadership style and organizational learning influence innovation capabilities of school teachers during COVID-19 pandemic? Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(9), 299–311.
- Rademaker, T., Klingenberg, I., & Süß, S. (2023). Leadership and technostress: A systematic literature review. Management Review Quarterly, 2023, 1–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-023-00385-x
- Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, S. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) Beta. Hamburg, Germany
- Şahin, Y. L., & Çoklar, A. N. (2009). Social networking users’ views on technology and the determination of technostress levels. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1437–1442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.253
- Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Cifre, E. (2013). The dark side of technologies: Technostress among users of information and communication technologies. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 422–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.680460
- Seyal, A. H. (2015). Examining the role of transformational leadership in technology adoption: Evidence from Bruneian Technical & Vocational Establishments (TVE). Journal of Education and Practice, 6(8), 32–43.
- Shareef, R. A., & Atan, T. (2019). The influence of ethical leadership on academic employees’ organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention: Mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Management Decision, 57(3), 583–605. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0721
- Shropshire, J., & Kadlec, C. (2012). I’m leaving the IT field: The impact of stress, job insecurity, and burnout on IT professionals. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, 2(1).
- Siddika, B. A. (2023). Hybrid working, well-being and gender: A study on a public sector organization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Social Science Studies, 8(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v8i2.1345
- Simmons, B. L., Gooty, J., Nelson, D. L., & Little, L. M. (2009). Secure attachment: Implications for hope, trust, burnout, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(2), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.585
- Sosik, J. J., & Godshalk, V. M. (2000). Leadership styles, mentoring functions received, and job-related stress: A conceptual model and preliminary study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(4), 365–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200006)21:4<365::AID-JOB14>3.0.CO;2-H
- Spagnoli, P., Molino, M., Molinaro, D., Giancaspro, M. L., Manuti, A., & Ghislieri, C. (2020). Workaholism and technostress during the COVID-19 emergency: The crucial role of the leaders on remote working. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 620310. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620310
- Srivastava, S. C., Chandra, S., & Shirish, A. (2015). Technostress creators and job outcomes: Theorising the moderating influence of personality traits. Information Systems Journal, 25(4), 355–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12067
- Su, W., Lyu, B., Chen, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). How does servant leadership influence employees’ service innovative behavior? The roles of intrinsic motivation and identification with the leader. Baltic Journal of Management, 15(4), 571–586. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2019-0335
- Sun, P. Y., & Anderson, M. H. (2012). Civic capacity: Building on transformational leadership to explain successful integrative public leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 309–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.018
- Syrek, C. J., Apostel, E., & Antoni, C. H. (2013). Stress in highly demanding IT jobs: Transformational leadership moderates the impact of time pressure on exhaustion and work–life balance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(3), 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033085
- Tarafdar, M., Pirkkalainen, H., & Salo, M. (2023). Mitigating the adverse effects of technostress. In Organizational stress and well-being (pp. 441–456).
- Tashliyev, A., & Tirtoprojo, S. (2023). The influence of job insecurity and job engagement on employee job performance in the public sector of central Java Province during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education, 3(5), 771–777.
- Thite, M. (2000). Leadership styles in information technology projects. International Journal of Project Management, 18(4), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(99)00021-6
- Todisco, L., Tomo, A., Canonico, P., & Mangia, G. (2023). The bright and dark side of smart working in the public sector: Employees’ experiences before and during COVID-19. Management Decision, 61(13), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2022-0164
- Uddin, M. J., Ferdous, M., Rahaman, A., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Mapping of technostress research trends: A bibliometric analysis. In 2023 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICCS56967.2023.10142487
- Ullah, Z., Sulaiman, M. A. B. A., Ali, S. B., Ahmad, N., Scholz, M., & Han, H. (2021). The effect of work safety on organizational social sustainability improvement in the healthcare sector: The case of a public sector hospital in Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6672. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126672
- Wang, K., Shu, Q., & Tu, Q. (2008). Technostress under different organizational environments: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(6), 3002–3013.
- Wang, H., Ding, H., & Kong, X. (2023). Understanding technostress and employee well-being in digital work: The roles of work exhaustion and workplace knowledge diversity. International Journal of Manpower, 44(2), 334–353. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2021-0480
- Wang, X., Tan, S. C., & Li, L. (2020). Measuring university students’ technostress in technology-enhanced learning: Scale development and validation. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(4), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5329
- Willermark, S., Högberg, K., & Nilsson, P. (2023). Exploring technostress in disruptive teaching practices. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 16(4), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-10-2022-0161
- Williamson, S., Colley, L., Huybers, T., & Tani, M. (2023). Public servants working from home during the pandemic: Who gained and who lost? Australian Journal of Public Administration, 2023, 580. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12580
- Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127
- Yukl, G. (1981). Leadership in Organizations, 9/e. Pearson Education India.
- Yurov, K. M., & Potter, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership in technology post-adoption period: A motivational factor for acquiring technology enhancement information. The Proceedings of the 2006 Annual Meeting of Southwest Decision Science Institute.
- Zhang, W., Gu, D., Xie, Y., Khakimova, A., & Zolotarev, O. (2023). How do COVID-19 risk, life-safety risk, job insecurity, and work – Family conflict affect miner performance? Health-anxiety and job-anxiety perspectives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 5138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065138
- Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr,., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257