Infratentorial onset of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systematic lupus erythematosus complicated with lymphoma: a case report

References

• Tan CS, Koralnik IJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(4):425–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casado JL, Corral I, Garcia J, et al. Continued declining incidence and improved survival of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV/AIDS patients in the current era. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(2):179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major EO, Yousry TA, Clifford DB. Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(5):467–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molloy ES, Calabrese LH. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with rheumatic diseases: are patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at particular risk? Autoimmun Rev. 2008;8(2):144–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henegar CE, Eudy AM, Kharat V, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review. Lupus. 2016;25(6):617–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger JR, Aksamit AJ, Clifford DB, et al. PML diagnostic criteria: consensus statement from the AAN Neuroinfectious Disease Section. Neurology. 2013;80(15):1430–1438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahraian MA, Radue EW, Eshaghi A, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a review of the neuroimaging features and differential diagnosis. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19(8):1060–1069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklyn K, Lau CS, Navarra SV, et al. Definition and initial validation of a lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(9):1615–1621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brickelmaier M, Lugovskoy A, Kartikeyan R, et al. Identification and characterization of mefloquine efficacy against JC virus in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(5):1840–1849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohra C, Sokol L, Dalia S. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and monoclonal antibodies: a review. Cancer Control. 2017;24(4):1073274817729901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamaguchi M, Suzuki K, Fujita H, et al. Successful treatment of non-HIV progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: case report and literature review. J Neurol. 2020;267(3):731–738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitoma H, Adhikari K, Aeschlimann D, et al. Consensus paper: neuroimmune mechanisms of cerebellar ataxias. Cerebellum. 2016;15(2):213–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteman ML, Post MJ, Berger JR, Tate LG, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1993;187(1):233–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graff-Radford J, Robinson MT, Warsame RM, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with etanercept. Neurologist. 2012;18(2):85–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandao M, Damasio J, Marinho A, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and T-CD4+ lymphopenia. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012;43(3):302–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves FG, Lamb L, Del Carpio-O’Donovan R. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy restricted to the posterior fossa in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Braz J Infect Dis. 2011;15(6):609–612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson PA, Larsson EM. Infratentorial progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in a patient with SLE (2008: 4b). Eur Radiol. 2008;18(7):1526–1528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris HE. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab. Rheumatology. 2008;47(2):224–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh K, Kano T, Nagashio C, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(3):1020–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilmann R, Imai T, Ringelstein EB, et al. Remission of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in SLE after treatment with cidofovir: a 4 year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(9):1304–1305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White RP, Abraham S, Singhal S, et al. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy isolated to the posterior fossa in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology. 2002;41(7):826–827.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng CF, Su JJ, Chen YF, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a 27-year-old lady with systemic lupus erythematosus – rheumatoid arthritis overlap syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019;118(11):1560–1565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson EP, Webster HD. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: its pathological features. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1983;105:191–203.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wüthrich C, Cheng YM, Joseph JT, et al. Frequent infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons by polyomavirus JC in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009;68(1):15–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Pasquier RA, Corey S, Margolin DH, et al. Productive infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons by JC virus in an HIV + individual. Neurology. 2003;61(6):775–782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koralnik IJ, Wüthrich C, Dang X, et al. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: a novel clinical syndrome distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol. 2005;57(4):576–580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang X, Koralnik IJ. A granule cell neuron-associated JC virus variant has a unique deletion in the VP1 gene. J Gen Virol. 2006;87(Pt 9):2533–2537.
   Google Scholar
• Dang L, Dang X, Koralnik IJ, et al. JC polyomavirus granule cell neuronopathy in a patient treated with rituximab. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(4):487–489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijburg MT, van Oosten BW, Murk JL, et al. Heterogeneous imaging characteristics of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy (GCN): a case series and review of the literature. J Neurol. 2015;262(1):65–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar