References
- Duffy TP. The Flexner report – 100 years later. YJBM. 2011;84(3):269–276.
- Ahn AC, Tewari M, Poon C, Phillips RS. The limits of reductionism in medicine: could systems biology offer an alternative? PloS Med. 2006;3(6):e208. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030208
- Toulmin SE. The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1958.
- Kuhn D. The Skills of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991.
- Avorn J, Chen M, Hartley R. Scientific versus commercial sources of influence on the prescribing behavior of physicians. AJM. 2018;73(1):4–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90911-1
- Shaughnessy AF, Slawson DC, Bennett J. Separating the wheat from the chaff: identifying fallacies in pharmaceutical promotion. JGIM. 1994;9(10):563–568. doi:10.1007/BF02599283
- Moynihan R. Key Opinion Leaders: independent experts or drug representatives in disguise? BMJ. 2008;336(7658):1402–1403. doi:10.1136/bmj.39575.675787.651
- Haidt J, Lukianoff G. The Coddling of the American Mind. Penguin Books; 2019.
- Baker M. Argumentative interactions and the social construction of knowledge. In: Argumentation and Education: Theoretical Foundations and Practices. New York: Springer; 2009:127–144.
- Osborne J. Arguing to learn in science: the role of collaborative, critical discourse. Science. 2010;328(5977):463–466. doi:10.1126/science.1183944
- Goldberg T, Schwarz BB, Porat D. Changes in narrative and argumentative writing by students discussing “hot” historical issues. Cogn Instr. 2011;29(2):185–217. doi:10.1080/07370008.2011.556832
- Lyu H, Jundi B, Xu C, et al. Comparison of denosumab and bisphosphonates in patients with osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(5):1753–1765. doi:10.1210/jc.2018-02236
- Wu J, Zhang Q, Yan G, Jin X. Denosumab compared to bisphosphonates to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2018;13(1):194. doi:10.1186/s13018-018-0865-3
- Bransford JD, Brown AL, Cocking R. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience and School. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1990.
- Berland LK, Reiser BJ. Making sense of argumentation and explanation. Sci Educ. 2009;93(1):26–55. doi:10.1002/sce.20286
- Johnson DW, Johnson RT, Smith KA. Constructive controversy. the educative power of intellectual conflict. Change. 2000;32(1):28–37. doi:10.1080/00091380009602706
- Johnson DW, Johnson R. Creative Controversy: Intellectual Challenge in the Classroom. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company; 1995.
- Graff G. Organizing the Conflicts in the Curriculum. J Midwest Mod Lang Assoc. 1992;25(1):63–76. doi:10.2307/1315076
- Voss JF. Toulmin’s model and the solving of ill-structured problems. Argumentation. 2005;19(3):321–329. doi:10.1007/s10503-005-4419-6
- Nussbaum EM, Schraw G. Promoting argument-counterargument integration in students writing. J Exp Educ. 2007;76(1):59–92. doi:10.3200/JEXE.76.1.59-92
- Nussbaum EM, Kardash CM, Graham S. The effects of goal instructions and text on the generation of counterarguments during writing. J Educ Psychol. 2005;97(2):157–169. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.2.157
- Jonassen DH, Cho YH, Kwon K, et al. Evaluating vs. constructing arguments. J Eng Educ. 2009;98(3):235–254. doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2009.tb01022.x
- Andriessen J, Baker M. Argument diagrams and learning: cognitive and educational perspectives. In: Schraw G, McCrudden M, Robinson D, editors. Learning Through Visual Displays. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing; 2013.
- Chin CA, O’Donnell AM, Jinks TS. The structure of discourse in collaborative learning. J Exp Educ. 2000;69(1):77–98. doi:10.1080/00220970009600650