The anticancer properties of phytochemical extracts from Salvia plants

References

• Stewart BW, Wild CP. World Cancer Report 2014. Lyon: World Health Organization Press; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Parker L. The impact of the environment on cancer genomics. In: Dellaire G, Berman JN, Arceci RJ, editors. Cancer Genomics. Chapter 26. Elsevier; 2014:449–465.
   Google Scholar
• Heyninck K, Haegeman G, Goel A. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary polyphenols. In: Watso RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S, editors. Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease. Chapter 90. London: Academic Press; 2014:1199–1216.
   Google Scholar
• Mukhtar H. Chemoprevention: making it a success story for controlling human cancer. Cancer Lett. 2012;326:123–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta P, Wright SE, Kim SH, Srivastava SK. Phenethyl isothiocyanate: A comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1846:405–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J Nat Prod. 2012;75:311–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bydoun M, Marcato P, Dellaire G. Breast cancer genomics. Cancer Genomics. 2014;13:213–232.
   Google Scholar
• Eggermont AMM, Caldas C, Ringborg U, Medema R, Tabernero J, Wiestler O. Cancer core Europe: A consortium to address the cancer care-cancer research continuum challenge. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50:2745–2746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan X, Wu H, Xu H, et al. Notch signaling: An emerging therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Cancer Lett. 2015;369:20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda M, Sawa M, Yamada T. Therapeutic targets in the Wnt signaling pathway: Feasibility of targeting TNIK in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;156:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier CP, Lima CF, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Pereira-Wilson C. Salvia fruticosa, Salvia officinalis, and rosmarinic acid induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of human colorectal cell lines: the role in MAPK/ERK pathway. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61:564–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fruman DA, Rommel C. PI3K and cancer: lessons, challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014;13:140–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erstad DJ, Cusack JC. Targeting the NF-kB pathway in cancer therapy. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2013;22:705–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabuchi S, Kuroda H, Takahashi R, Sasano T. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2015;137:173–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houede N, Pourquier P. Targeting the genetic alterations of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway: its potential use in the treatment of bladder cancers. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;145:1–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker JB, Sytsma KJ, Treutlein J, Wink M. Salvia (lamiaceae) is not monophyletic: implications for the systematics, radiation, and ecological specializations of Salvia and tribe mentheae. Am J Bot. 2004;91:1115–1125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orhan IE, Senol FS, Ozturk N, Akaydin G, Sener B. Profiling of in vitro neurobiological effects and phenolic acids of selected endemic Salvia species. Food Chem. 2012;132:1360–1367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiridon EK. Sage: The genus Salvia (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles). London: Harwood Academic Publishers: Stewart; 2000:318.
   Google Scholar
• Hamidpour M, Hamidpour R, Hamidpour S, Shahlari M. Chemistry, pharmacology, and medicinal property of sage (Salvia) to prevent and cure illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, depression, dementia, lupus, autism, heart disease, and cancer. J Tradit Complement Med. 2014;4:82–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu SP, Ting ZP. Composition identification of Salvia extracts and testing of its inhibiting myocytes cell death caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation. Carbohydr Polym. 2011;86:621–624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li MH, Li QQ, Zhang C, et al. An ethnopharmacological investigation of medicinal Salvia plants (Lamiaceae) in China. Acta Pharmaceut Sin B. 2013;3:273–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu YR, Foo LY. Flavonoid and phenolic glycosides from Salvia officinalis. Phytochemistry. 2000;55:263–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins N, Barros L, Santos-Buelga C, Henriques M, Silva S, Ferreira IC. Evaluation of bioactive properties and phenolic compounds in different extracts prepared from Salvia officinalis L. Food Chem. 2015;170:378–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Formisano C, Rigano D, et al. Chemical composition and anticancer activity of essential oils of Mediterranean sage (Salvia officinalis L.) grown in different environmental conditions. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;55:42–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. New developments in the chemistry and biology of the bioactive constituents of Tanshen. Med Res Rev. 2007;27:133–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Jiang PX, Ye M, Kim SH, Jiang C, Lü JX. Tanshinones: sources, pharmacokinetics and anti-cancer activities. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:13621–13666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Guo J, Bao J, Lu J, Wang Y. The anticancer properties of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen): a systematic review. Med Res Rev. 2014;34:768–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang WW, Lu YL. Advances in studies on antitumor activities of compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2010;35:389–392.
   Google Scholar
• Hu T, To KK, Wang L, et al. Reversal of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells by cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phytomedicine. 2014;21:1264–1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li MH, Li QQ, Liu YZ, et al. Pharmacophylogenetic study on plants of genus Salvia L. from China. Chin Herb Med. 2013;5:164–181.
   Google Scholar
• Pan ZH, Li Y, Wu XD, et al. Norditerpenoids from Salvia castanea Diels f. pubescens. Fitoterapia. 2012;83:1072–1074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CY, Liao Y, Yang ZG, et al. Cytotoxic diterpenoids from Salvia yunnanensis. Phytochemistry. 2014;106:171–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itani WS, El-Banna SH, Hassan SB, Larsson RL, Bazarbachi A, Gali-Muhtasib HU. Anticolon cancer components from Lebanese sage (Salvia libanotica) essential oil: mechanistic basis. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014;7:1765–1773.
   Google Scholar
• Gali-Muhtasib HU, Affara NI. Chemopreventive effects of sage oil on skin papillomas in mice. Phytomedicine. 2000;7:129–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DŽamić A, Soković M, Ristić M, Grujić-Jovanović S, Vukojević J, Marin PD. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Salvia sclarea (Lamiaceae) essential oil. Arch Biol Sci. 2008;60:233–237.
   Google Scholar
• Li MH, Chen JM, Peng Y, Xiao PG. Distribution of phenolic acids in Chinese Salvia plants. World Sci Technol Mod Tradit Chin Med. 2008;10:46–52. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Zou DR, Zhou ZT. Chemopreventive effect of salvianolic acid B on oral carcinogenesis. J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ (Medical Science). 2006;26:1122–1126. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Liu X, Tang CZ, Wang L, Lin SX, Wan RQ, Chen J. Suppression of growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by salvianolic acid B in vitro. J Guangzhou Univ Tradit Chinese Med. 2011;28:163–166, 218. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Li MH, Chen JM, Peng Y, Wu QL, Xiao PG. Investigation of Danshen and related medicinal plants in China. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;120:419–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topcu G, Turkmen Z, Schilling JK, Kingston DGI, Pezzuto JM, Ulubelen A. Cytotoxic activity of some Anatolian Salvia extracts and isolated abietane diterpenoids. Pharm Biol. 2008;46:180–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu G, Yang J, Wang YY, et al. Diterpenoid constituents of the roots of Salvia digitaloides. J Agric Food Chem. 2000;58:12157–12161.
   Google Scholar
• Choudhary MI, Hussain A, Adhikari A, et al. Anticancer and α-chymotrypsin inhibiting diterpenes and triterpenes from Salvia leriifolia. Phytochem Lett. 2013;6:139–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaeili MA, Farimani MM. Inactivation of PI3K/Akt pathway and upregulation of PTEN gene are involved in daucosterol, isolated from Salvia sahendica, induced apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. S Afr J Bot. 2014;93:37–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayarani-Najaran Z, Mousavi SH, Tajfard F, et al. Cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of three isolated diterpenoids from Salvia chorassanica through bioassay-guided fractionation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;57:346–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulubelen A, Topçu G, Chai HB, Pezzuto JM. Cytotoxic activity of triterpenoids isolated from Salvia hypargeia. Pharm Biol. 1999;37:148–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu YJ, Shi T, Wang JA. Content determination of ferruginol in Salvia miltiorrhiza by HPLC and study on the influential factors. Chin Pharm. 2014;25:3690–3692. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Yang LX. Studies on the Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Salvia Przewalskii Maxim [MD thesis]. Beijing: Union Medical College; 2011. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Wang XH, Bastow KF, Sun CM, et al. Isolation, structure elucidation, total synthesis, and anti-breast cancer activity of neo-tanshinlactone from Salvia miltiorrhiza. J Med Chem. 2004;47:5816–5819.
   Google Scholar
• Choi J, Jiang X, Jeong JB, Lee SH. Anticancer activity of protocatechualdehyde in human breast cancer cells. J Med Food. 2014;17: 842–848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tepe, B. Antioxidant potentials and rosmarinic acid levels of the methanolic extracts of Salvia virgata (Jacq), Salvia staminea (Montbret and Aucher ex Bentham) and Salvia verbenaca (L.) from Turkey. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:1584–1588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang JY, Chang CY, Kuo CC, Chen LT, Wein YS, Kuo YH. Salvinal, a novel microtubule inhibitor isolated from Salvia miltiorrhizae Bunge (Danshen), with antimitotic activity in multidrug-sensitive and -resistant human tumor cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2004;65:77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai JX, Chen SY, Zhang WP, et al. Salvianolic acid a reverses paclitaxel resistance in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells via targeting the expression of transgelin 2 and attenuating PI3 K/Akt pathway. Phytomedicine. 2014;21:1725–1732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu YR, Foo LY. Polyphenolics of Salvia. Phytochemistry. 2002;59:117–140.
   Google Scholar
• Yan MY, Chien SY, Kuo SJ, Chen DR, Su CC. Tanshinone IIA inhibits BT-20 human breast cancer cell proliferation through increasing caspase 12, GADD153 and phospho-p38 protein expression. Int J Mol Med. 2012;29:855–863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YL, Gong Y, Li LL, M. Abdolmaleky H, Zhou JR. Bioactive tanshinone I inhibits the growth of lung cancer in part via down regulation of Aurora A function. Mol Carcinog. 2013;52:535–543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajabi Z, Ebrahimi M, Farajpour M, Mirza M, Ramshini H. Compositions and yield variation of essential oils among and within nine Salvia species from various areas of Iran. Ind Crops Prod. 2014;61:233–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ban KA, Godellas CV. Epidemiology of breast cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2014;23:409–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuzick J. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44:2344–2349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira AC, Silva AM, Santos MS, Sardão VA. Phytoestrogens as alternative hormone replacement therapy in menopause: What is real, what is unknown. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;143:61–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann R, Perkins KA, Velentzis LS, et al. The DietCompLyf study: a prospective cohort study of breast cancer survival and phytoestrogen consumption. Maturitas. 2013;75:232–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmen RCM, Rahal OM, Montales MTE, et al. Soy foods: towards the development of novel therapeutics for breast cancer. In: Cho WCS, editor. Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment by Diet Therapy. Chapter 5. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013:121–140.
   Google Scholar
• Maggiolini M, Bonofiglio D, Marsico S, et al. Estrogen receptor α mediates the proliferative but not the cytotoxic dose-dependent effects of two major phytoestrogens on human breast cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2001;60:595–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vauzour D, Vafeiadou K, Rice-Evans C, Cadenas E, Spencer JP. Inhibition of cellular proliferation by the genistein metabolite 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxyisoflavone is mediated by DNA damage and activation of the ATR signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007;468: 159–166.
   Google Scholar
• Cherdshewasart W, Panriansaen R, Picha P. Pretreatment with phytoestrogen-rich plant decreases breast tumor incidence and exhibits lower profile of mammary ERα and ERβ. Maturitas. 2007;58:174–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh CJ, Kuo PL, Hsu YC, et al. Arctigenin, a dietary phytoestrogen, induces apoptosis of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway and epigenetic regulation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;67:159–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao PW, Niu JZ, Wang DW, Chen JX, Wang LQ. Phytoestrogenic effects of six active components in Chinese medicine. Chin Pharmaceut J. 2007;42:1852–1855. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Yang W, Ju JH, Jeon MJ, Han X, Shin I. Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) extract inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells via modulation of Akt activity and p27 level. Phytother Res. 2010;24:198–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Lin J. The apoptotic pathways and their mechanisms. Int J Obstetr Gynaecol. 2014;41:103–107.
   Google Scholar
• Su CC, Chien SY, Kuo SJ, Chen YL, Cheng CY, Chen DR. Tanshinone IIA inhibits human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by decreasing LC3-II, Erb-B2 and NF-kappaBp65. Mol Med Rep. 2012;5:1019–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong Y, Li YL, Abdolmaleky HM, Li LL, Zhou JR. Tanshinones inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells through epigenetic modification of aurora A expression and function. PLoS One. 2012;7:1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalhoub N, Baker SJ. PTEN and the PI3-kinase pathway in cancer. Ann Rev Phytopathol. 2009;4:127–150.
   Google Scholar
• Chen JJW, Peck K, Hong TM, et al. Global analysis of gene expression in invasion by a lung cancer model. Cancer Res. 2001;61: 5223–5230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J, Shing Y. Angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 1992;267: 10931–10934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ. Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia: role of the HIF system. Nat Med. 2003;9:677–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zihlif1 M, Afifi F, Abu-Dahab R, et al. The antiangiogenic activities of ethanolic crude extracts of four Salvia species. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:358–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu M, Wang X, Su Z, Ouyang F. One-step separation and purification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, salvianolic acid B and protocatechualdehyde from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1140:107–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu ZJ, Ouyang MG, Yang CR. Polyphenolic constituents of Salvia przewalskii. Acta Bot Yunnan. 1999;21:512–516.
   Google Scholar
• Kamatou GPP, Van Zyl RL, Davids H, Van Heerden FR, Lourens ACU, Viljoen AM. Antimalarial and anticancer activities of selected South African Salvia species and isolated compounds from S. radula. S Afr J Bot. 2008;74:238–243.
   Google Scholar
• Lee CY, Sher HF, Chen HW, et al. Anticancer effects of tanshinone I in human non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:3527–3538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie J, Liu JH, Liu H, et al. The antitumor effect of tanshinone IIA on anti-proliferation and decreasing VEGF/VEGFR2 expression on the human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line. Acta Pharmaceut Sin B. 2015;5:554–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi L, Chen JP, Yuan XJ, Jiang ZQ, Chen WP. Salvianolic acid A positively regulates PTEN protein level and inhibits growth of A549 lung cancer cells. Biomed Rep. 2013;1:213–217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gong Y, Li YL, Lu Y, et al. Bioactive tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in mice. Int J Cancer. 2011;129:1042–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiore G, Nencini C, Cavallo F, et al. In vitro antiproliferative effect of six Salvia species on human tumor cell lines. Phytother Res. 2006;20:701–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Won SH, Lee HJ, Jeong SJ, et al. Tanshinone IIA induces mitochondria dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in association with an inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010;33:1828–1834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atmaca H, Bozkurt E. Apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of Salvia triloba extract in prostate cancer cell lines. Tumor Biol. Epub 2015 Oct 12. DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4208-2.
   Google Scholar
• Su CC, Chen GW, Lin JG. Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by tanshinone I in human colon cancer Colo 205 cells. Int J Mol Med. 2008;22:613–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su CC, Chen GW, Kang JC, Chan MH. Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by tanshinone IIA in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Planta Med. 2008;74:1357–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persidis A. Cancer multidrug resistance. Nat Biotechnol. 1999;17: 94–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szakacs G, Paterson JK, Ludwig JA, Booth-Genthe C, Gottesman MM. Targeting multidrug resistance in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5:219–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng YP, Guo WJ. Mechanisms of resistance to 5-FU and how to overcome them. J Int Oncol. 2006;33:502–505.
   Google Scholar
• Su CC. Tanshinone IIA potentiates the efficacy of 5-FU in Colo205 colon cancer cells in vivo through down-regulation of P-gp and LC3-II. Exp Ther Med. 2012;3:555–559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong JB, Lee SH. Protocatechualdehyde possesses anti-cancer activity through down-regulating cyclin D1 and HDAC2 in human colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;430:381–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JR, Lee MH, Eo HJ, et al. The contribution of activating transcription factor 3 to apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells by protocatechualdehyde, a naturally occurring phenolic compound. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2014;64:203–210.
   Google Scholar
• James CG, Woods A, Underhill TM, Beier F. The transcription factor ATF3 is upregulated during chondrocyte differentiation and represses cyclin D1 and A gene transcription. BMC Mol Biol. 2006;7:30–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosetti C, Turati F, La Vecchia C. Hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;28:753–770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WY, Chiu LC, Yeung JH. Cytotoxicity of major tanshinones isolated from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on HepG2 cells in relation to glutathione perturbation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46:328–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macho A, Hirsch T, Marzo I, et al. Glutathione depletion is an early and calcium elevation is a late event of thymocyte apoptosis. J Immunol. 1997;158:4612–4619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Shen HM, Ong CN. Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett. 2000;153:85–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WYW, Cheung CCM, Liu KWK, et al. Cytotoxic effects of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza on doxorubicin-resistant human liver cancer cells. J Nat Prod. 2010;73:854–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon YJ, Kim JS, Hwang GH, et al. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2J2 by tanshinone IIA induces apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;764:480–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Liu JX, Ren JG, Li JM, Li HH. Effect of Salvia cheinensis extraction on angiogenesis of tumor. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2012;37:1285–1288. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Xiang MX, Su HW, Hu YJ, Hu Y, Yang TM, Shu GG. Chemical composition of total flavonoids from Salvia chinensia Benth and their pro-apoptotic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells: potential roles of suppressing cellular NF-κB signaling. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;62:420–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu F, Wang ZB, Lu P, et al. Activated anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients after high intensity focused ultrasound ablation. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2004;30:1217–1222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao DX, Li ZJ, Zhang Y, et al. Enhanced antitumor immunity is elicited by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of CCL21 and IL-15 in murine colon carcinomas. Cell Immunol. 2014;289:155–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inatsuka C, Yang Y, Gad E, Rastetter L, Disis ML, Lu H. Gamma delta T cells are activated by polysaccharide K (PSK) and contribute to the anti-tumor effect of PSK. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013;62:1335–1345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Li S, Wang X, Zhang L, Cheung PCK. Advances in lentinan: Isolation, structure, chain conformation and bioactivities. Food Hydrocoll. 2011;25:196–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan LP, Ding SD, Ai LZ, Deng KQ. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharide from Inonotus obliquus. Carbohydr Polym 2012;90:870–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SD, Lai YS, Kim CH. Immunopotentiating and antitumor activities of the purified polysaccharides from Phellodendron chinese SCHNEID. Life Sci. 2004;75:2621–2632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Jia J, Zeng G, et al. Studies on immunoregulatory and anti-tumor activities of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Carbohydr Polym. 2013;92:479–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu GG, Zhao WH, Yue L, Su HW, Xiang MX. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Salvia chinensis Benth. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;168:237–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushik G, Kwatra D, Subramaniam D, Jensen RA, Anant S, Mammen JM. Honokiol affects melanoma cell growth by targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Am J Surg. 2014;208:995–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardile V, Russo A, Formisano C, et al. Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;126:265–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang LJ, Chen L, Lu Y, et al. Danshensu has anti-tumor activity in B16F10 melanoma by inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;643:195–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang N, Yang J, Lu J, et al. A polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge improves immune function in gastric cancer rats. Carbohydr Polym. 2014;111:47–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Shi DY, Liu SL, Zhong L. Tanshinone IIA induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep. 2012;27:523–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Chan WK, Xu N, et al. Tanshinone IIA, an isolated compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, induces apoptosis in HeLa cells through mitotic arrest. Life Sci. 2008;83:394–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan TL, Hung YC, Wang PW, et al. Functional proteomic and structural insights into molecular targets related to the growth inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on HeLa cells. Proteomics. 2010;10: 914–929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JZ. Signaling pathways in HPV-associated cancers and therapeutic implications. Rev Med Virol. 2015;25:24–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doorbar J, Egawa N, Griffin H, Kranjec C, Murakami I. Human papillomavirus molecular biology and disease association. Rev Med Virol. 2015;25:2–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munagala R, Aqil F, Jeyabalan J, Gupta RC. Tanshinone IIA inhibits viral oncogene expression leading to apoptosis and inhibition of cervical cancer. Cancer Lett. 2015;356:536–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CF, Hong CL, Klauck SM, Lin YL, Efferth T. Molecular mechanisms of rosmarinic acid from salvia miltiorrhiza in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;176:55–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carew JS, Zhou Y, Albitar M, Carew JD, Keating MJ, Huang P. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in primary leukemia cells after chemotherapy: clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Leukemia. 2003;17:1437–1447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang KJ, Li J, Meng WT, Xing HY, Yang YM. Tanshinone IIA inhibits acute promyelocytic leukemia cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis in vivo. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2016;56:46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Li Q, Fan ZZ, et al. Tanshinone IIA induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the SAPK/JNK signal pathway. Word Chin J Digestol. 2011;19:1028–1033.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu M, Chen P, Shi XY, Kong X, Guo LX, Zheng F. The effect of inhibition and inducing apoptosis of tanshinone IIA on human ovarian cancer A2780 cell lines. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med. 2009;18:596–597. Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Zhuang YY, Wang HL, Du RT, Zhang C. The studies of apoptosis effect and its mechanisms of tanshinone IIA on human ovarian cancer cell SKOV3. Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;38:328–331.
   Google Scholar