References
- Cassel CK, Conway PH, Delbanco SF, Jha AK, Saunders RS, Lee TH. Getting more performance from performance measurement. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(23):2145–2147. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1408345
- Panzer RJ, Gitomer RS, Greene WH, Webster PR, Landry KR, Riccobono CA. Increasing demands for quality measurement. JAMA. 2013;310(18):1971–1980. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.282047
- Lawrence M, Olesen F. Indicators of quality in health care. Eur J Gen Pract. 1997;3(3):103–108. doi:10.3109/13814789709160336
- Meyer GS, Nelson EC, Pryor DB, et al. More quality measures versus measuring what matters: a call for balance and parsimony. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21(11):964–968. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001081
- Greenburg A, Dale A. Measuring what matters in hospitals. Health Quality Ontario (HQO); 2021. Available from: https://www.hqontario.ca/Blog/hospital-care/measuring-what-matters-in-hospitals. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- Mannion R, Braithwaite J. Unintended consequences of performance measurement in healthcare: 20 salutary lessons from the English National Health Service. Intern Med J. 2012;42(5):569–574. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02766.x
- Smith PC, Mossialos E, Papanicolas I. Performance measurement for health system improvement: experiences, challenges and prospects: background document 2. Regional World Health Organization. Office for Europe; 2008. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/350328. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- Jones P, Shepherd M, Wells S, Le Fevre J, Ameratunga S. What makes a good healthcare quality indicator? A systematic review and validation study. Emerg Med Austral. 2014;26(2):113–124. doi:10.1111/1742-6723.12195
- Campbell SM, Braspenning JA, Hutchinson A, Marshall M. Research methods used in developing and applying quality indicators in primary care. BMJ Qual Saf Health Care. 2002;11(4):358–364. doi:10.1136/qhc.11.4.358
- Teare GF. Measurement of quality and safety in healthcare: the past decade and the next. Healthc Quart. 2014;17:45–50. doi:10.12927/hcq.2014.23950
- Perla R. Commentary: health systems must strive for data maturity. Am J Med Qual. 2013;28(3):263–264. doi:10.1177/1062860612465000
- Blumenthal D, McGinnis JM. Measuring vital signs: an IOM report on core metrics for health and health care progress. JAMA. 2015;313(19):1901–1902. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.4862
- Canadian Institute for Health Information and Statistics Canada. Rethink, renew, retire: report from the fourth consensus conference on evaluating priorities for Canada’s health indicators; 2015. Available from: https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/Rethink_Renew_Retire.pdf. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- National Quality Forum. Committee guidebook for the NQF measure endorsement process; 2019. Available from: https://www.qualityforum.org/Measuring_Performance/Measuring_Performance.aspx. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- Madsen MM, Eiset AH, Mackenhauer J, et al. Selection of quality indicators for hospital-based emergency care in Denmark, informed by a modified-Delphi process. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24(1):11. doi:10.1186/s13049-016-0203-x
- Schull MJ, Guttmann A, Leaver CA, et al. Prioritizing performance measurement for emergency department care: consensus on evidence-based quality of care indicators. CJEM. 2011;13(5):300–309, E28-E43. doi:10.2310/8000.2011.110334
- Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLOS Medicine. 2021;18(3):e1003583. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003583
- Mays N, Pope C, Popay J. Systematically reviewing qualitative and quantitative evidence to inform management and policy-making in the health field. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(1_suppl):6–20. doi:10.1258/1355819054308576
- Aktaa S, Batra G, Wallentin L, et al. European Society of Cardiology methodology for the development of quality indicators for the quantification of cardiovascular care and outcomes. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2020. doi:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa069
- Bianchi V, Spitale A, Ortelli L, Mazzucchelli L, Bordoni A. Quality indicators of clinical cancer care (QC 3) in colorectal cancer. BMJ open. 2013;3(7):e002818. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002818
- Bramesfeld A, Wrede S, Richter K, et al. Development of quality indicators and data assessment strategies for the prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:435. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1200-9
- Casey MM, Moscovice I, Klingner J, Prasad S. Rural relevant quality measures for critical access hospitals. J Rural Health. 2013;29(2):159–171. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2012.00420.x
- Chrusch CA, Martin CM; Project TQIICC. Quality improvement in critical care: selection and development of quality indicators. Can Respir J. 2016;2016:2516765. doi:10.1155/2016/2516765
- Elliot C, Mcullagh C, Brydon M, Zwi K. Developing key performance indicators for a tertiary children’s hospital network. Austra Health Rev. 2018;42(5):491–500. doi:10.1071/AH17263
- Emond YE, Stienen JJ, Wollersheim HC, et al. Development and measurement of perioperative patient safety indicators. Br J Anaesth. 2015;114(6):963–972. doi:10.1093/bja/aeu561
- Fekri O, Leeb K, Gurevich Y. Systematic approach to evaluating and confirming the utility of a suite of national health system performance (HSP) indicators in Canada: a modified Delphi study. BMJ open. 2017;7(4):e014772. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014772
- Goldfarb M, Bibas L, Newby LK, et al. Systematic review and directors survey of quality indicators for the cardiovascular intensive care unit. Int J Cardiol. 2018;260:219–225. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.113
- Grace SL, Poirier P, Norris CM, Oakes GH, Somanader DS, Suskin N. Pan-Canadian development of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention quality indicators. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30(8):945–948. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.003
- Gurvitz M, Marelli A, Mangione-Smith R, Jenkins K. Building quality indicators to improve care for adults with congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(23):2244–2253. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.099
- Guth RM, Storey PE, Vitale M, et al. Decision analysis for metric selection on a clinical quality scorecard. Am J Med Qual. 2016;31(5):400–407. doi:10.1177/1062860615589117
- Mangione-Smith R, Schiff J, Dougherty D. Identifying children’s health care quality measures for Medicaid and CHIP: an evidence-informed, publicly transparent expert process. Acad Pediatr. 2011;11(3):S11–21. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2010.11.003
- Martinez DA, Kane EM, Jalalpour M, et al. An electronic dashboard to monitor patient flow at the Johns Hopkins hospital: communication of key performance indicators using the donabedian model. J Med Syst. 2018;42(8):133. doi:10.1007/s10916-018-0988-4
- Mazzone PJ, Vachani A, Chang A, et al. Quality indicators for the evaluation of patients with lung cancer. Chest. 2014;146(3):659–669. doi:10.1378/chest.13-2900
- Moehring RW, Anderson DJ, Cochran RL, et al. Expert consensus on metrics to assess the impact of patient-level antimicrobial stewardship interventions in acute-care settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(3):377–383. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw787
- Morris AM, Brener S, Dresser L, et al. Use of a structured panel process to define quality metrics for antimicrobial stewardship programs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33(5):500–506. doi:10.1086/665324
- Perera R, Dowell A, Crampton P. Painting by numbers: a guide for systematically developing indicators of performance at any level of health care. Health Policy. 2012;108(1):49–59. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.07.008
- Profit J, Gould JB, Zupancic JAF, et al. Formal selection of measures for a composite index of NICU quality of care: baby-MONITOR. J Perinatol. 2011;31(11):702–710. doi:10.1038/jp.2011.12
- Reiter A, Geraedts M, Jäckel W, Fischer B, Veit C, Döbler K. Selection of hospital quality indicators for public disclosure in Germany. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2011;105(1):44–48. doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2010.12.024
- Sauvegrain P, Chantry AA, Chiesa-Dubruille C, Keita H, Goffinet F, Deneux-Tharaux C. Monitoring quality of obstetric care from hospital discharge databases: a Delphi survey to propose a new set of indicators based on maternal health outcomes. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211955. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211955
- Schnitker LM, Martin-Khan M, Burkett E, Beattie ERA, Jones RN, Gray LC. Process quality indicators targeting cognitive impairment to support quality of care for older people with cognitive impairment in emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(3):285–298. doi:10.1111/acem.12616
- Science M, Timberlake K, Morris A, Read S, Le Saux N. Quality metrics for antimicrobial stewardship programs. Pediatrics. 2019;143(4). doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2372
- SooHoo NF, Lieberman JR, Farng E, Park S, Jain S, Ko CY. Development of quality of care indicators for patients undergoing total hip or total knee replacement. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20(2):153–157. doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2009.032524
- Stang AS, Straus SE, Crotts J, Johnson DW, Guttmann A. Quality indicators for high acuity pediatric conditions. Pediatrics. 2013;132(4):752–762. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0854
- Stegbauer C, Willms G, Kleine-Budde K, Bramesfeld A, Stammann C, Szecsenyi J. Development of indicators for a nationwide cross-sectoral quality assurance procedure for mental health care of patients with schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders in Germany. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2017;126:13–22. doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2017.07.006
- Thern J, de With K, Strauss R, Steib-Bauert M, Weber N, Kern WV. Selection of hospital antimicrobial prescribing quality indicators: a consensus among German antibiotic stewardship (ABS) networkers. Infection. 2014;42(2):351–362. doi:10.1007/s15010-013-0559-z
- Tsiamis E, Millar J, Baxi S, et al. Development of quality indicators to monitor radiotherapy care for men with prostate cancer: a modified Delphi method. Radiother Oncol. 2018;128(2):308–314. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2018.04.017
- van der Wees PJ, Verkerk EW, Verbiest MEA, et al. Development of a framework with tools to support the selection and implementation of patient-reported outcome measures. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2019;3(1):75. doi:10.1186/s41687-019-0171-9
- Van Grootven B, McNicoll L, Mendelson DA, et al. Quality indicators for in-hospital geriatric co-management programmes: a systematic literature review and international Delphi study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e020617. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020617
- van Heurn E, de Blaauw I, Heij H, et al. Quality measurement in neonatal surgical disorders: development of clinical indicators. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2015;25(6):526–531. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396416
- Wood L, Bjarnason GA, Black PC, et al. Using the Delphi technique to improve clinical outcomes through the development of quality indicators in renal cell carcinoma. J Oncol Pract. 2013;9(5):e262–267. doi:10.1200/JOP.2012000870
- Health Quality Ontario (HQO). Hospital sector indicator reduction and management strategy; 2016. Available from: https://www.hqontario.ca/System-Performance/Measuring-System-Performance/Hospital-Sector-Indicator-Reduction-and-Management-Strategy. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- Ontario Hospital Association and Health Quality Ontario. A sustainable indicator reduction and management strategy for the Ontario Hospital Sector; 2019. Available from: https://www.oha.com/health-system-transformation/high-performing-health-system/a-sustainable-indicator-reduction-and-management-strategy. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- Health Quality & Safety Commission. Health quality & safety indicators: summary feedback document; 2012. Available from: https://www.hqsc.govt.nz/assets/Health-Quality-Evaluation/PR/HQSI-Feedback-and-Engagement-document-July12-web.pdf. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- The King’s Fund. Getting the measure of quality: opportunities and challenges; 2010. Available from: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/getting-measure-quality. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE indicator process guide; 2019. Available from: https://www.Nice.Org.Uk/Media/Default/Get-Involved/Meetings-In-Public/Indicator-Advisory-Committee/Ioc-Process-Guide.Pdf. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- The Health Foundation. The measurement maze; 2019. Available from: https://www.health.org.uk/publications/reports/the-measurement-maze. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- HANYS. Quality measurement: focus on the measures that matter; 2016. Available from: https://www.hanys.org/communications/pr/2016/2016-04-20_quality_measurements_focus_on_measures_that_matter.cfm. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- National Quality Forum. Measure sets and measurement systems: multistakeholder guidance for design and evaluation; 2020. Available from: https://www.qualityforum.org/Publications/2020/07/Measure_Sets_and_Measurement_Systems__Multistakeholder_Guidance_for_Design_and_Evaluation.aspx. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- Institute of Medicine. Vital signs: core metrics for health and health care progress; 2015. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Available from: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/19402/vital-signs-core-metrics-for-health-and-health-care-progress. Accessed April 5, 2022.
- De koning J, Smulders A, Klazinga N. The Appraisal of Indicators Through Research and Evaluation (AIRE) Instrument. Amsterdam: Academic Medical Center; 2006.
- Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–473. doi:10.7326/M18-0850