Occupational exposure to magnetic fields and electric shocks and risk of ALS: The Swiss National Cohort

References

• Cannon JR, Greenamyre JT. The role of environmental exposures in neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicological Sciences. 2011;124:225–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kheifets L, Bowman JD, Checkoway H, Feychting M, Harrington J, Kavet R, et al. Future needs of occupational epidemiology of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields: review and recommendations. Occup Environ Med. 2009;66:72–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou H, Chen G, Chen C, Yu Y, Xu Z. Association between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis. PloS One. 2012;7:e48354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huss A, Vermeulen R, Bowman JD, Kheifets L, Kromhout H. Electric shocks at work in Europe: development of a job exposure matrix. Occup Environ Med. 2013;70:261–7.
   Google Scholar
• Bowman JD, Touchstone JA, Yost MG. A population based job exposure matrix for power-frequency magnetic fields. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007;4:715–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergara XP, Kheifets L, Silva M, Bracken TD, Yost M. New electric shock job exposure matrix. Am J Ind Med. 2012;55:232–40.
   Google Scholar
• Spoerri A, Zwahlen M, Egger M, Bopp M. The Swiss National Cohort: a unique database for national and international researchers. International Journal of Public Health. 2010;55:239–42.
   Google Scholar
• Renaud A. Methodology report: coverage estimation for the Swiss population census 2000. Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Bopp M, Spoerri A, Zwahlen M, Gutzwiller F, Paccaud F, Braun-Fahrländer C, et al. Cohort profile: The Swiss National Cohort: a longitudinal study of 6.8 million people. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38:379–84.
   Google Scholar
• Koeman T, Slottje P, Kromhout H, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt, et al. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and cardiovascular disease mortality in a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med. 2013;70:402–7.
   Google Scholar
• Deapen DM, Henderson BE. A case-control study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123: 790–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feychting M, Jonsson F, Pedersen NL, Ahlbom A. Occupational magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease. Epidemiology. 2003;14:413–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panczak R, Galobardes B, Voorpostel M, Spoerri A, Zwahlen M, Egger M. A Swiss neighbourhood index of socioeconomic position: development and association with mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012; 66:1129–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matheson M, Benke G, Raven J, Sim M, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, et al. Biological dust exposure in the workplace is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005;60:645–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiò A, Magnani C, Oddenino E, Tolardo G, Schiffer D. Accuracy of death certificate diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1992;46: 517–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chio A, Logroscino G, Traynor BJ, Collins J, Simeone JC, Goldstein LA, et al. Global epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review of the published literature. Neuroepidemiology. 2013;41:118–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracken TD, Kavet R, Patterson RM, Fordyce TA. An integrated job exposure matrix for electrical exposures of utility workers. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2009;6:499–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves AB, Rosner D, Echeverria D, Yost M, Larson EB. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1999;13:165.
   Google Scholar
• Savitz DA, Checkoway H, Loomis DP. Magnetic field exposure and neurodegenerative disease mortality among electric utility workers. Epidemiology. 1998;9:398–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Håkansson N, Gustavsson P, Johansen C, Floderus B. Neurodegenerative diseases in welders and other workers exposed to high levels of magnetic fields. Epidemiology. 2003;14:420–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen C, Olsen JH. Mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, other chronic disorders, and electric shocks among utility workers. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148:362–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röösli M, Lörtscher M, Egger M, Pfluger D, Schreier N, Lörtscher E, et al. Mortality from neurodegenerative disease and exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields: 31 years of observations on Swiss railway employees. Neuroepidemiology. 2007;28:197–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorahan T, Kheifets L. Mortality from Alzheimer’s, motor neuron and Parkinson’s disease in relation to magnetic field exposure: findings from the study of UK electricity generation and transmission workers, 1973–2004. Occup Environ Med.2007;64:820–6.
   Google Scholar
• Parlett LE, Bowman JD, van Wijngaarden E. Evaluation of occupational exposure to magnetic fields and motor neuron disease mortality in a population based cohort. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2011;53: 1447–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley J, Warlow C, Smith P, Hilton-Jones D, Irvine S, Tew J. Motor neuron disease in England and Wales, 1959–1979. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1983;46:197–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noonan CW, Reif JS, Yost M, Touchstone J. Occupational exposure to magnetic fields in case-referent studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002;28:42–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park RM, Schulte PA, Bowman JD, Walker JT, Bondy SC, Yost MG, et al. Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Ind Med. 2005;48: 63–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnarsson LG, Bodin L, Söderfeldt B, Axelson O. A case-control study of motor neuron disease: its relation to heritability, and occupational exposures, particularly to solvents. Br J Ind Med. 1992;49:791–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grell K, Meersohn A, Schüz J, Johansen C. Risk of neurological diseases among survivors of electric shocks: a nationwide cohort study. Denmark, 1968–2008. Bioelectromagnetics. 2012;33:459–65.
   Google Scholar