Lesson openings in Norwegian language arts: a study of how teachers start reading lessons in 8th grade classrooms

Figures & data

Table 1. Analytical framework.

Main categories	Subcategories	Description
Academic cognitive moves	Learning goals	The extent to which the teacher provides explicit learning goals.
	Agenda	The extent to which the teacher provides clear agendas
	Consolidation	The extent to which the teacher relates the subject content to prior academic knowledge: Yesterday, we discussed …
		The extent to which the teacher relates the subject content to everyday experiences out of school: Have you ever been to Denmark?[…] Today, we will read a Danish short story about …
	Introduction to new content	The extent to which the teacher introduces new subject content in the lesson opening by lecturing: A book review is typically defined as … or giving the students a task: You can start by reading about this new genre—book reviews—in your textbook on page …
Academic affective moves		Warm-up activities, appetizers, or artifacts that facilitate academic engagement and curiosity relevant to the subject content: Is this a love letter lying on my desk? Let us open it […]Today, we are going to read a novel about a love letter. Academic affective moves are potentially surprising and creative.
General pedagogical moves	Administrative tasks	Greetings: Welcome! Good morning!
		General information and structural procedures: Registration of students’ attendance, information about the class trip next week, etc.
	Relationship-building moves	Discussion and questions about the students’ well-being: How are you today? Did you go skiing yesterday?
	General affective moves	Moves that facilitate a good and safe learning environment by using activities and/or artifacts such as calming music, or funny stories.

Figure 1. Percentages of occurrences of moves in the main categories in 58 reading lessons.

Figure 2. Percentages of occurrences of different academic cognitive opening moves.

Figure 3. Percentages of occurrences of general pedagogical opening moves.