Ready, set, go! Evaluating readiness to implement competency-based medical education

References

• Aagaard E, Kane GC, Conforti L, Hood S, Caverzagie KJ, Smith C, Chick DA, Holmboe ES, Iobst WF. 2013. Early feedback on the use of the internal medicine reporting milestones in assessment of resident performance. J Grad Med Educ. 5(3):433–438.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Armenakis A, Harris S, Mossholder K. 1993. Creating readiness for organizational change. Hum Relations. 46:685–703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker PM, Reid A, Schall MW. 2016. A framework for scaling up health interventions: lessons from large-scale improvement initiatives in Africa. Implement Sci. 11(1):12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boscherini L, Chiaroni D, Chiesa V, Frattini F. 2010. How to use pilot projects to implement open innovation. Int J Innov Mgt. 14(06):1065–1097.
   Google Scholar
• Castañeda SF, Holscher J, Mumman MK, Salgado H, Keir KB, Foster-Fishman PG, Talavera GA. 2012. Dimensions of community and organizational readiness for change. Prog Community Health Partnersh. 6(2):219–226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caverzagie KJ, Nousiainen MT, Ferguson PC, ten Cate O, Ross S, Harris KA, Busari J, Bould MD, Bouchard J, Iobst WF, et al. 2017. Overarching challenges to the implementation of competency-based medical education. Med Teach. 39(6):588–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers DA, Glasgow RE, Stange KC. 2013. The dynamic sustainability framework: addressing the paradox of sustainment amid ongoing change. Implement Sci. 8(1):117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagnone JD, Buttemer S, Hall J, Berger L, Weersink K. 2020. Ten ways to get a grip on resident co-production within medical education change. Can Med Educ J. 11(1):e124–e129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drzensky F, Egold N, van Dick R. 2012. Ready for a change? A longitudinal study of antecedents, consequences and contingencies of readiness for change. J Chang Manag. 12(1):95–111.
   Google Scholar
• Durlak JA, DuPre EP. 2008. Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. Am J Community Psychol. 41(3-4):327–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fédération des Médecins Résidents du Québec. 2019. Implementation of competence by design in Quebec – Year 2: ongoing issues. [accessed 2021 Aug 4]. https://fmrq.qc.ca/files/documents/2f/33/fmrq-report-implementation-of-cbd-in-quebec-year-2-final-english-version-08-2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Fenwick T. 2014. Sociomateriality in medical practice and learning: attuning to what matters. Med Educ. 48(1):44–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson PC, Caverzagie KJ, Nousiainen MT, Snell L, ICBME Collaborators. 2017. Changing the culture of medical training: An important step toward the implementation of competency-based medical education. Med Teach. 39(6):599–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaspohler P, Duffy J, Wandersman A, Stillman L, Maras MA. 2008. Unpacking prevention capacity: an intersection of research-to-practice models and community-centered models. Am J Community Psychol. 41(3-4):182–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster-Fishman PG, Cantillon D, Pierce SJ, Van Egeren LA. 2007. Building an active citizenry: the role of neighborhood problems, readiness, and capacity for change. Am J Community Psychol. 39(1-2):91–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank JR, Mungroo R, Ahmad Y, Wang M, De Rossi S, Horsley T. 2010. Toward a definition of competency-based education in medicine: a systematic review of published definitions. Med Teach. 32(8):631–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman RM, Wandersman A, Chinman M, Imm P, Morrissey E. 1996. An ecological assessment of community-based interventions for prevention and health promotion: approaches to measuring community coalitions. Am J Community Psychol. 24(1):33–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhalgh T, Papoutsi C. 2018. Studying complexity in health services research: desperately seeking an overdue paradigm shift. BMC Med. 16(1):95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall AK, Rich J, Dagnone JD, Weersink K, Caudle J, Sherbino J, Frank JR, Bandiera G, Van Melle E. 2020. It's a marathon, not a sprint: rapid evaluation of competency-based medical education program implementation. Acad Med. 95(5):786–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall AK, Woods R, Frank JR. 2019. Changing the culture of residency training through faculty development. CJEM. 21(4):446–448.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawkins RE, Welcher CM, Holmboe ES, Kirk LM, Norcini JJ, Simons KB, Skochelak SE. 2015. Implementation of competency-based medical education: are we addressing the concerns and challenges? Med Educ. 49(11):1086–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hueske A-K, Guenther E. 2015. What hampers innovation? External stakeholders, the organization, groups and individuals: a systematic review of empirical barrier research. Manag Rev Q. 65(2):113–148.
   Google Scholar
• Kempster S, Higgs M, Wuerz T. 2014. Pilots for change: exploring organisational change through distributed leadership. Leadersh Organ Dev J. 35(2):152–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotter J. 1996. Leading change. Boston (MA): Harvard Business Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nousiainen MT, Caverzagie KJ, Ferguson PC, Frank JR, ICBME Collaborators 2017. Implementing competency-based medical education: what changes in curricular structure and processes are needed? Med Teach. 39(6):594–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Railer J, Stockley D, Flynn L, Hastings‐Truelove A, Hussain A. 2020. Using outcome harvesting: assessing the efficacy of CBME implementation. J Eval Clin Pract. 26(4):1132–1152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers E. 2003. Diffusion of innovations. 5th ed. New York (NY): Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• [RCPSC] Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. 2014. Competence by design: reshaping Canadian medical education. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. [accessed 2021 Aug 4]. https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/documents/educational-strategy-accreditation/royal-college-competency-by-design-ebook-e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [RCPSC] Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. 2019a. Competence by design (CBD) implementation pulse check – fall 2019. [accessed 2021 Aug 4]. https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/documents/cbd/cbd-pulse-check-report-e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [RCPSC] Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. 2019b. Competence by design (CBD): cost analysis. Ottawa, ON. [accessed 2021 Aug 4]. https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/documents/cbd/cbd-costing-analysis-executive-version-e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [RCPSC] Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. 2020. Competence by design (CBD) implementation pulse check – spring 2020. [accessed 2021 Aug 4]. https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/documents/cbd/cbd-pulse-check-annual-report-2020-e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [RCPSC] Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. 2021. What is competence by design? [accessed 2020 Jun 23]. https://www.royalcollege.ca/rcsite/cbd/what-is-cbd-e.
   Google Scholar
• Scaccia JP, Cook BS, Lamont A, Wandersman A, Castellow J, Katz J, Beidas RS. 2015. A practical implementation science heuristic for organizational readiness: R = MC2. J Community Psychol. 43(4):484–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonnenberg LK, von Hauff P, Lemieux L. 2017. Electronic portfolios for assessment in your postgraduate medical education program: essential questions to ask when selecting a platform for competency-based medical education (CBME). MedEdPublish. 6(2):66.
   Google Scholar
• Talbot M. 2004. Monkey see, monkey do: a critique of the competency model in graduate medical education. Med Educ. 38(6):587–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wandersman A, Duffy J, Flaspohler P, Noonan R, Lubell K, Stillman L, Blachman M, Dunville R, Saul J. 2008. Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: the interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. Am J Community Psychol. 41(3-4):171–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner BJ, Amick H, Lee S-YD. 2008. Conceptualization and measurement of organizational readiness for change: a review of the literature in health services research and other fields. Med Care Res Rev. 65(4):379–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner BJ, Lewis MA, Linnan LA. 2009. Using organization theory to understand the determinants of effective implementation of worksite health promotion programs. Health Educ Res. 24(2):292–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar