The Younger, the TikToker: Investigating Social Media Ad Platforms for Young American and Chinese Users

References

• Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal, P., & McGill, A. L. (2007). Is that car smiling at me? Schema congruity as a basis for evaluating anthromopomorphized products. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1086/518544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azevedo, A., & Farhangmehr, M. (2005). Clothing branding strategies: Influence of brand personality on advertising response. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 4(3), 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Balaban, D. C., & Racz, R. G. (2020). Social media influencer advertising vs. advertising on social media account of a brand. Evidence from an experimental design. Journal of Media Research, 13(3), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.24193/jmr.38.3
   Google Scholar
• Bernritter, S., Loermans, A., Eigenraam, A., & Verlegh, P. (2022). I am not what I like: Endorsing brands on social media negatively affects consumers’ self-evaluation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 57(1), 159–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/10949968221075993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhandari, R. S., Bansal, A., Mathur, A., & Nain, H. (2022). Privacy concern behaviour on social media sites: A comparative analysis of urban and rural users. FIIB Business Review. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221078106
   Google Scholar
• Bursztynsky, J. (2021, September 27). TikTok says 1 billion people use the app each month. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/27/tiktok-reaches-1-billion-monthly-users.html
   Google Scholar
• Ceci, L. (2023, August 21). Countries with the largest TikTok audience as of July 2023. Statista. Retrieved September, 20, 2023, from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1299807/number-of-monthly-unique-tiktok-users/
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, D. (2021). Exploring the meteoric rise of online food ordering apps (OFOAs): The moderating role of visibility. British Food Journal, 124(11), 3871–3887. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2021-0906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, D., Kayal, G., Mehta, P., Nunkoo, R., & Rana, N. P. (2022). Consumers’ usage of food delivery app: A theory of consumption values. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(5), 601–619. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2022.2024476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, D., & Paul, J. (2023). Healthcare apps’ purchase intention: A consumption values perspective. Technovation, 120, 102481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisend, M., & Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. (2013). Measurement characteristics of Aaker’s brand personality dimensions: Lessons to be learned from human personality research. Psychology & Marketing, 30(11), 950–958. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20658
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1086/209515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freling, T. H., Crosno, J. L., & Henard, D. H. (2011). Brand personality appeal: Conceptualization and empirical validation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(3), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0208-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentlemen Marketing Agency. (2022). Guide to most popular Chinese social media sites & platforms for marketing (updated 2022). Retrieved July 27, 2022, from: https://www.marketingtochina.com/top-10-social-media-in-china-for-marketing/
   Google Scholar
• Ghorbani, M., Karampela, M., & Tonner, A. (2022). Consumers’ brand personality perceptions in a digital world: A systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46(5), 1960–1991. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore, G. W. (1919). Animism. Marshall Jones Company.
   Google Scholar
• Graziani, T. (2018, July 30). How Douyin became China’s top short-video app in 500 days. WalkTheChat. https://walkthechat.com/douyin-became-chinas-top-short-video-app-500-days/
   Google Scholar
• Haenlein, M., Anadol, E., Farnsworth, T., Hugo, H., Hunichen, J., & Welte, D. (2020). Navigating the new era of influencer marketing: How to be successful on Instagram, TikTok, & Co. California Management Review, 63(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125620958166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao, J., Levin, I., Gaeth, G., & Chatterjee, S. (2022). Sincere or exciting? Brand personality and argument quality on brand attitude. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 21(6), 1268–1279. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2078
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, D. H., & Sung, Y. (2013). Gucci versus Old Navy: Interplay of brand personality and regulatory focus in advertising persuasion. Psychology & Marketing, 30(12), 1076–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H., & Cha, M. (2018). The effect of SNS type on brand loyalty and attitude toward ad: Focusing on the mediating effects of brand personality. Journal of Business Research, 33(2), 75–96.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, D. (2006). The effect of brand personality on brand attitude: The moderating role of symbolic/functional involvement [Unpublished master thesis]. Kyung Hee University.
   Google Scholar
• Lien, C. H., & Cao, Y. (2014). Examining WeChat users’ motivations, trust, attitudes, and positive word-of-mouth: Evidence from China. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthes, J., & Naderer, B. (2016). Product placement disclosure: Exploring the moderating effect of placement frequency on brand responses via persuasion knowledge. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2015.1071947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nover, S. (2020). TikTok is growing up, and so are its users. Adweek. https://www.adweek.com/performance-marketing/tiktok-is-growing-up-and-so-are-its-users/
   Google Scholar
• Osei-Frimpong, K., McLean, G., Islam, N., & Otoo, B. (2022). What drives me there? The interplay of socio-psychological gratification and consumer values in social media brand engagement. Journal of Business Research, 146, 288–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2019). Social media fact sheet. Retrieved March 22, 2020, from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/
   Google Scholar
• Ran, Y., & Wan, E. W. (2023). Enjoyment or autonomy? The interactive effect of brand ritual and brand personality on consumer purchase. Psychology & Marketing, 40(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robben, H. S. J., & Verhallen, T. M. M. (1994). Behavioral costs as determinants of cost perception and preference formation for gifts to receive and gifts to give. Journal of Economic Psychology, 15(2), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(94)90008-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, S., & Banerjee, S. (2022). Trajectories of brand personality research since the new millennium: A bibliometric analysis. FIIB Business Review. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145221105942
   Google Scholar
• Ruby, D. (2023, January 20). 36 TikTok statistics 2023: How many users are there! DemandSAGE. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from: https://www.demandsage.com/tiktok-user-statistics/
   Google Scholar
• Sohn, D. (2009). Disentangling the effects of social network density on electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) intention. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(2), 352–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01444.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statista. (2021). Distribution of Facebook users worldwide as of January 2021, by age and gender. Retrieved February 22, 2021, from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/376128/facebook-global-user-age-distribution/
   Google Scholar
• Thomala, L. L. (2020). Social networking in China - statistics & facts. Statista. Retrieved February 22, 2021, from: https://www.statista.com/topics/1170/social-networks-in-china/
   Google Scholar
• van Reijmersdal, E. A., Fransen, M. L., van Noort, G., Opree, S. J., Vandeberg, L., Reusch, S., van Lieshout, F., & Boerman, S. C. (2016). Effects of disclosing sponsored content in blogs: How the use of resistance strategies mediates effects on persuasion. The American Behavioral Scientist, 60(12), 1458–1474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764216660141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, A., Chakraborty, D., & Verma, M. (2023). Barriers of food delivery applications: A perspective from innovation resistance theory using mixed method. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 73, 103369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y. (2019). How age affects journalists’ adoption of social media as an innovation: A multi-group SEM analysis. Journalism Practice, 13(5), 537–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1511821
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S., Chen, S., & Li, B. (2016). The role of business and friendships on WeChat business: An emerging business model in China. Journal of Global Marketing, 29(4), 174–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2016.1184363
   Google Scholar