Regional crises and European fiscal preferences: how regional Covid-19, economic downturn, and migration shape support for EU risk sharing

References

• Alessi, L., Benczur, P., Campolongo, F., Cariboni, J., Manca, A. R., Menyhert, B., & Pagano, A. (2020). The resilience of EU member states to the financial and economic crisis. Social Indicators Research, 148, 569–598.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida, V., Barrios, S., Christl, M., De Poli, S., Tumino, A., & van der Wielen, W. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on households' income in the EU. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 19(3), 413–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-021-09485-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amdaoud, M., Arcuri, G., & Levratto, N. (2021). Are regions equal in adversity? A spatial analysis of spread and dynamics of COVID-19 in Europe. The European Journal of Health Economics, 22(4), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01280-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. J., & Reichert, M. S. (1995). Economic benefits and support for membership in the E.U.: A cross-national analysis. Journal of Public Policy, 15(3), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X00010035
   Google Scholar
• Androutsou, L., Latsou, D., & Geitona, M. (2021). Health systems’ challenges and responses for recovery in the pre and post COVID-19 era. Journal of Service Science and Management, 14((04|4)), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2021.144028
   Google Scholar
• Annaka, S. (2022). Good democratic governance can combat COVID-19 – Excess mortality analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83, 103437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basile, R., Mantuano, M., Girardi, A., & Russo, G. (2019). Interregional migration of human capital and unemployment dynamics: Evidence from Italian provinces. German Economic Review, 20(4), e385–e414. https://doi.org/10.1111/geer.12172
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beetsma, R., Burgoon, B., Nicoli, F., De Ruijter, A., & Vandenbroucke, F. (2022). What kind of EU fiscal capacity? Evidence from a randomized survey experiment in five European countries in times of corona. Economic Policy, 37(111), 411–459. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiac007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobzien, L., & Kalleitner, F. (2021). Attitudes towards European financial solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a net-contributor country. European Societies, 23(sup1), S791–S804. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1836669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeri, T. (2010). Immigration to the land of redistribution. Economica, 77(308), 651–687. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2010.00859.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boin, A., Ekengren, M., & Rhinard, M. (2020). Hiding in plain sight: Conceptualizing the creeping crisis. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 11(2), 116–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremer, B., Kuhn, T., Meijers, M. J., & Nicoli, F. (2023). In this together? Support for European fiscal integration in the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2220357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgoon, B., Kuhn, T., Nicoli, F., & Vandenbroucke, F. (2022). Unemployment risk-sharing in the EU: How policy design influences citizen support for European unemployment policy. European Union Politics, 23(2), 282–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrubba, C. J. (1997). Net financial transfers in the European union: Who gets what and why? The Journal of Politics, 59(2), 469–496. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381600053536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers, A. W., & Dellmuth, L. M. (2015). Fiscal redistribution and public support for European integration. European Union Politics, 16(3), 386–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116515581201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colantone, I., & Stanig, P. (2018). Global competition and Brexit. American Political Science Review, 112(2), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000685
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colantone, I., & Stanig, P. (2018). The trade origins of economic nationalism: Import competition and voting behavior in Western Europe. American Journal of Political Science, 62(4), 936–953. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czaika, M., & Di Lillo, A. (2018). The geography of anti-immigrant attitudes across Europe, 2002–2014. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(15), 2453–2479. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1427564
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, M., & Hobson, C. (2023). An embarrassment of changes: International relations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 77(2), 150–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2022.2095614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLeo, R. A., Taylor, K., Crow, D. A., & Birkland, T. A. (2021). During disaster: Refining the concept of focusing events to better explain long-duration crises. International Review of Public Policy, 3((1).
   Google Scholar
• De Wilde, P. (2012). Politicisation of the EU budget: Conflict and the constraining dissensus. West European Politics, 35(5), 1075–1094. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2012.706411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz Ramírez, M., Veneri, P., & Lembcke, A. C. (2022). Where did it hit harder? Understanding the geography of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Regional Science, 62(3), 889–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra, L., Poelman, H., & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2020). The geography of EU discontent. Regional Studies, 54(6), 737–753. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1654603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Mauro, D., & Memoli, V. (2021). The role of public opinion in EU integration: Assessing the relationship between elites and the public during the refugee crisis. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 59(5), 1303–1321. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont, J. C., Liebig, T., Peschner, J., Tanay, F., & Xenogiani, T. (2016). How are refugees faring on the labour market in Europe?: A first evaluation based on the 2014 EU Labour Force Survey ad hoc module.
   Google Scholar
• Dustmann, C., & Preston, I. P. (2007). Racial and economic factors in attitudes to immigration. The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 7(1), 1–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichenberg, R. C., & Dalton, R. J. (1993). Europeans and the European community: The dynamics of public support for European integration. International Organization, 47(4), 507–534. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. (2021). Recovery plan for Europe. European Commission Info. Accessed: 13.05.2021. https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/recovery-plan-europe_en.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrara, F. M., & Kriesi, H. (2022). Crisis pressures and European integration. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(9), 1351–1373. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1966079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabel, M., & Palmer, H. D. (1995). Understanding variation in public support for European integration. European Journal of Political Research, 27(1), 3–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgiadou, V., Rori, L., & Roumanias, C. (2018). Mapping the European far right in the 21st century: A meso-level analysis. Electoral Studies, 54, 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2018.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhards, J., Lengfeld, H., Ignácz, Z., Kley, F., & Priem, M. (2019). European solidarity in times of crisis: Insights from a thirteen-country survey. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, S., Sirriyeh, A., & McMahon, S. (2017). The evolving (re)categorisations of refugees throughout the “refugee/migrant crisis”. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 27(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Google Trends. (2021). Interest over time in search terms Coronabonds, Eurobonds, and COVID Economy, 2/1/20–5/1/20. Google Public Data. Accessed: 20.05.2021. https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2020-02-01%202020-05-01&q=coronabonds,Eurobonds,covid%20economy.
   Google Scholar
• Hainmueller, J., & Hopkins, D. J. (2015). The hidden American immigration consensus: A conjoint analysis of attitudes toward immigrants. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3), 529–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hale, T., Angrist, N., Goldszmidt, R., Kira, B., Petherick, A., Phillips, T., Webster, S., Cameron-Blake, E., Hallas, L., Majumdar, S., & Tatlow, H. (2021). A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 government response tracker). Nature Human Behaviour, 5(4), 529–538. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansford, T. G., & Gomez, B. T. (2015). Reevaluating the sociotropic economic voting hypothesis. Electoral Studies, 39, 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, G. H., Scheve, K., & Slaughter, M. J. (2007). Public finance and individual preferences over globalization strategies. Economics & Politics, 19(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2007.00300.x
   Google Scholar
• Häusermann, S., & Kriesi, H. (2015). What do voters want? Dimensions and configurations in individual-level preferences and party choice. The Politics of Advanced Capitalism, 202–230.
   Google Scholar
• Heermann, M., Koos, S., & Leuffen, D. (2023). Who deserves European solidarity? How recipient characteristics shaped public support for international medical and financial aid during COVID-19. British Journal of Political Science, 53(2), 629–651. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123422000357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjorth, F. (2016). Who benefits? Welfare chauvinism and national stereotypes. European Union Politics, 17(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116515607371
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S. B., & de Vries, C. E. (2016). Public support for European integration. Annual Review of Political Science, 19(1), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-042214-044157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S. B., & Wratil, C. (2015). Public opinion and the crisis: The dynamics of support for the euro. Journal of European Public Policy, 22(2), 238–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.994022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2005). Calculation, community and cues. European Union Politics, 6(4), 419–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505057816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2009). A postfunctionalist theory of European integration: From PermissiveConsensus to constraining dissensus. British Journal of Political Science, 39(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibanescu, B. C., Gheorghiu, A., Cristea, M., Pascariu, G. C., Team, P., & Leander, P. (2023). The evolution of job insecurity in spatial contexts in Europe during COVID-19 pandemic. International Regional Science Review, 01600176231160485.
   Google Scholar
• Jungherr, A., Mader, M., Schoen, H., & Wuttke, A. (2018). Context-driven attitude formation: The difference between supporting free trade in the abstract and supporting specific trade agreements. Review of International Political Economy, 25(2), 215–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2018.1431956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junker, J.-C. (2016). Speech at the annual general meeting of the Hellenic federation of enterprises. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/.
   Google Scholar
• Kinder, D. R., & Kiewiet, D. R. (1981). Sociotropic politics: The American case. British Journal of Political Science, 11(2), 129–161. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400002544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirman, A. (2010). Complex economics: Individual and collective rationality. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kleider, H., & Stoeckel, F. (2019). The politics of international redistribution: Explaining public support for fiscal transfers in the EU. European Journal of Political Research, 58(1), 4–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, G. H. (1983). The ecological fallacy revisited: Aggregate-versus individual-level findings on economics and elections, and sociotropic voting. American Political Science Review, 77(1), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/1956013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krehbiel, J. N., & Cheruvu, S. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic and public support for European integration: Evidence from Germany. Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy, 2(1), 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1561/113.00000030
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, T., Nicoli, F., & Vandenbroucke, F. (2020). Preferences for European unemployment insurance: A question of economic ideology or EU support? Journal of European Public Policy, 27(2), 208–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1701529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, T., Solaz, H., & van Elsas, E. J. (2018). Practising what you preach: How cosmopolitanism promotes willingness to redistribute across the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(12), 1759–1778. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1370005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, T., Van Elsas, E., Hakhverdian, A., & van der Brug, W. (2016). An ever wider gap in an ever closer union: Rising inequalities and euroscepticism in 12 West European democracies, 1975–2009. Socio-Economic Review, 14(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwu034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriazi, A., Pellegata, A., & Ronchi, S. (2023). Closer in hard times? The drivers of European solidarity in ‘normal’ and ‘crisis’ times. Comparative European Politics, 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechler, M. (2019). Employment shocks and anti-EU sentiment. European Journal of Political Economy, 59, 266–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeper, T. J., Hobolt, S. B., & Tilley, J. (2020). Measuring subgroup preferences in conjoint experiments. Political Analysis, 28(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2019.30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengfeld, H., Schmidt, S., & Häuberer, J. (2015). Is there a European solidarity? Attitudes towards fiscal assistance for debt-ridden European union member states. SSRN Electronic Journal.
   Google Scholar
• Mansfield, E. D., & Mutz, D. C. (2009). Support for free trade: Self-interest, sociotropic politics, and Out-group anxiety. International Organization, 63(3), 425–457. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariotto, C., & Pellegata, A. (2023). Should EU member states help each other? How the national context shapes individual preferences for European solidarity. Comparative European Politics, 21(1), 42–63. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-022-00301-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayda, A. M. (2006). Who is against immigration? A cross-country investigation of individual attitudes toward immigrants. Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(3), 510–530. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.88.3.510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin, E. (1999). Homeland earth: A manifesto for the new millennium. Hampton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nicoli, F., Geulen Walters, D., & Reinl, A. K. (2022). Not so far east? The impact of central-eastern European imports on the Brexit referendum. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(9), 1454–1473. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1968935
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoli, F., & Reinl, A.-K. (2020). A tale of two crises? A regional-level investigation of the joint effect of economic performance and migration on the voting for European disintegration. Comparative European Politics, 18(3), 384–419. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-019-00190-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoli, F., & Zeitlin, J. (2024). Introduction: Escaping the politics trap? EU integration pathways beyond the polycrisis. Journal of European Public Policy.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2022). The contribution of migration to regional development. OECD regional development studies. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/57046df4-en
   Google Scholar
• Ortenzi, F., Albanese, E., & Fadda, M. (2020). A transdisciplinary analysis of COVID-19 in Italy: The most affected country in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9488. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palasca, S., & Jaba, E. (2015). Economic crisis’ repercussions on European healthcare systems. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 525–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00568-7
   Google Scholar
• Přívara, A. (2022). Economic growth and labour market in the European Union: Lessons from COVID-19. Oeconomia Copernicana, 13(2), 355–377. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2022.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quandt, T., Boberg, S., Schatto-Eckrodt, T., & Frischlich, L. (2020). Pandemic news: Facebook pages of mainstream news media and the coronavirus crisis – A computational content analysis. ArXiv:2005.13290 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.13290.
   Google Scholar
• Reeskens, T., & Van der Meer, T. (2019). The inevitable deservingness gap: A study into the insurmountable immigrant penalty in perceived welfare deservingness. Journal of European Social Policy, 29(2), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928718768335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinl, A. K., Nicoli, F., & Kuhn, T. (2023). Regional inequalities and transnational solidarity in the European Union. Political Geography, 104, 102903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2023.102903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2000). The political basis of support for European integration. European Union Politics, 1(2), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116500001002001
   Google Scholar
• Schaffer, L., & Spilker, G. (2019). Self-interest versus sociotropic considerations: An information-based perspective to understanding individuals’ trade preferences. Review of International Political Economy, 26(6), 1266–1292. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1642232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheve, K. F., & Slaughter, M. J. (2001). Labor market competition and individual preferences over immigration policy. Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(1), 133–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmelfennig, F. (2018). European integration (theory) in times of crisis. A comparison of the euro and Schengen crises. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(7), 969–989. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1421252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmelfennig, F. (2019). Getting around no: How governments react to negative EU referendums. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(7), 1056–1074. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1619191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schraff, D. (2019). Regional redistribution and eurosceptic voting. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(1), 83–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1394901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seabrooke, L., & Tsingou, E. (2019). Europe's fast- and slow-burning crises. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(3), 468–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2018.1446456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears, D. O., & Funk, C. L. (1990). The limited effect of economic self-interest on the political attitudes of the mass public. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 19(3), 247–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-5720(90)90030-B
   Google Scholar
• Serricchio, F., Tsakatika, M., & Quaglia, L. (2013). Euroscepticism and the global financial crisis*. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2012.02299.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sides, J., & Citrin, J. (2007). European opinion about immigration: The role of identities, interests and information. British Journal of Political Science, 37(3), 477–504. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123407000257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, I., & Bucy, E. P. (2008). Interactivity and political attitude formation. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 4(2), 29–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331680802076082
   Google Scholar
• Stockemer, D. (2016). Structural data on immigration or immigration perceptions? What accounts for the electoral success of the radical right in Europe? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 54(4), 999–1016. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockemer, D., Niemann, A., Rabenschlag, J., Speyer, J., & Unger, D. (2018). Immigration, anti-immigrant attitudes and eurosceptism: A meta-analysis. French Politics, 16(3), 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-018-0065-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockemer, D., Niemann, A., Unger, D., & Speyer, J. (2020). The “refugee crisis,” immigration attitudes, and euroscepticism. International Migration Review, 54(3), 883–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918319879926
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tooze, A. (2021). Shutdown: How COVID shook the world’s economy. Penguin UK.
   Google Scholar
• Tosun, J., Wetzel, A., & Zapryanova, G. (2014). The EU in crisis: Advancing the debate. Journal of European Integration, 36(3), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2014.886401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenbroucke, F., Burgoon, B. M., Kuhn, T., Nicoli, F., Sacchi, S., van der Duin, D., & Hegewald, S. (2018). Risk sharing when unemployment hits: How policy design influences citizen support for European Unemployment Risk Sharing (EURS). Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR).
   Google Scholar
• Vasilopoulou, S., & Talving, L. (2020). Poor versus rich countries: A gap in public attitudes towards fiscal solidarity in the EU. West European Politics, 43(4), 919–943. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1641781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasilopoulou, S., & Talving, L. (2023). Euroscepticism as a syndrome of stagnation? Regional inequality and trust in the EU. Journal of European Public Policy, 1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, R., Peterhoff, D., Beileke, S., Günther, F., Berr, M., Einhauser, S., … Überla, K. (2021). Estimates and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection fatality ratio using latent class analysis: The population-based tirschenreuth study in the hardest-hit German county in spring 2020. Viruses, 13(6), 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, N. (2022). Misattributed blame? Attitudes toward globalization in the age of automation. Political Science Research and Methods, 10(3), 470–487. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2021.43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaki, B. L. (2023). New development: Strategic planning in interesting times—From inter-crisis to intra-crisis responses. Public Money & Management, 1–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaki, B. L., Nicoli, F., Wayenberg, E., & Verschuere, B. (2022). In trust we trust: The impact of trust in government on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Policy and Administration, 37(2), 226–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767211058003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeitlin, J., Nicoli, F., & Laffan, B. (2019). Introduction: The European Union beyond the polycrisis? Integration and politicization in an age of shifting cleavages. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(7), 963–976. doi:10.1080/13501763.2019.1619803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar