Follow the leader: the European Commission, the European Court of Justice, and the EU's rule of law revolution

References

• Alter, K. J., & Meunier-Aitsahalia, S. (1994). Judicial politics in the European community. Comparative Political Studies, 26(4), 535–561. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414094026004007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrebola, C., Mauricio, A. J., & Portilla, H. J. (2016). An econometric analysis of the influence of the advocate general on the court of justice of the European union. Cambridge International Law Journal, 5(1), 82–112. https://doi.org/10.4337/cilj
   Google Scholar
• Baquero Cruz, J. (2018). What's left of the law of integration? Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, S., Bauer, M., Connolly, S., & Kassim, H. (2016). The Commission: Boxed in and constrained, but still an engine of integration. West European Politics, 39(5), 1011–1031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickerton, C. J., Hodson, D., & Puetter, U. (2015). The new intergovernmentalism. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 53(4), 703–722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blauberger, M., Heindlmaier, A., Kramer, D., Martinsen, D. S., J. Sampson Thierry, Schenk, A., & Werner, B. (2018). Ecj judges read the morning paper. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(10), 1422–1441. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2018.1488880
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blauberger, M., & Sedelmeier, U. (2024). Sanctioning democratic backsliding in the European union, Journal of European Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2024.2318483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonelli, M., & Claes, M. (2018). Judicial serendipity. European Constitutional Law Review, 14(3), 622–643. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019618000330
   Google Scholar
• Brekke, S. A., Fjelstul, J., Hermansen, S., & Naurin, D. (2023). The CJEU Database Platform: Decisions and Decision-Makers. Journal of Law and Courts, 11(2), 389–410. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlc.2022.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burley, A.-M., & Mattli, W. (1993). Europe before the court. International Organization, 47(1), 41–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300004707
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byberg, R. (2017). The history of common market law review 1963–1993. European Law Journal, 23(1–2), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.2017.23.issue-1-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caporaso, J., & Keeler, J. (1995). The European community and regional integration theory. The State of the European Union (pp. 29–62).
   Google Scholar
• Closa, C. (2019). The politics of guarding the treaties. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(5), 696–716. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2018.1477822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deters, H., & Falkner, G. (2021). Remapping the European agenda-setting landscape. Public Administration, 99(2), 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.v99.2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinan, D. (2016). Governance and institutions. Journal of Common Market Studies, 54, 101. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.v54.S1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons, C., & Pavone, T. (2021). The rhetoric of inaction. Journal of European Public Policy, 28(10), 1611–1629. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1954065
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkner, G. (2018). A causal loop? The Commission’s new enforcement approach in the context of non-compliance with EU law even after CJEU judgments. Journal of European Integration, 40(6), 769–784. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2018.1500565
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjelstul, J. (2023). Iuropa. R package version 0.1.0.
   Google Scholar
• Fjelstul, J., & Carrubba, C. (2018). The politics of international oversight. American Political Science Review, 112(3), 429–445. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gewirtz, P. (1995). On i know it when i see it. Yale Law Journal, 105, 1023. https://doi.org/10.2307/797245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giersch, H. (1985). Eurosclerosis (Technical report). Kieler Diskussionsbeiträge.
   Google Scholar
• Hernández, G., & Closa, C. (2023). Turning assertive? West European Politics (pp. 1–29).
   Google Scholar
• Hodson, D. (2013). The little engine that wouldn't. Journal of European Integration, 35(3), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2013.774779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, A. (2013). Strategies of the repeat player [PhD thesis]. Universität zu Köln.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L. (2001). The European commission and the integration of Europe. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2009). A postfunctionalist theory of European integration. British Journal of Political Science, 39(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2019). Grand theories of European integration in the twenty-first century. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(8), 1113–1133. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1569711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelemen, R. D. (2019). Is differentiation possible in rule of law?. Comparative European Politics, 17, 246–260. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-019-00162-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelemen, R. D. (2023). The European union's failure to address the autocracy crisis. Journal of European Integration, 45(2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2022.2152447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelemen, R. D. (2024). Will the European union escape its autocracy trap? Journal of European Public Policy, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2024.2314739
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelemen, R. D., & Pavone, T. (2023). Where have the guardians gone?. World Politics, 75(4), 779–825. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2023.a908775
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochenov, D. (2016). Declaratory rule of law. In Self-constitution of European society (pp. 159–180). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kochenov, D., & Bard, P. (2020). The last soldier standing? courts versus politicians and the rule of law crisis in the new member states of the EU. In E. Hirsch Ballin, M. Stremler, & G. van der Schyff (Eds.), European yearbook of constitutional law 2019 judicial power: Safeguards and limits in a democratic society (Vol. 1, pp. 243–287). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kochenov, D., & Pech, L. (2016). Better late than never?. Journal of Common Market Studies, 54(5), 1062–1074. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.v54.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krehbiel, J. N., & Cheruvu, S. (2022). Can international courts enhance domestic judicial review?. Journal of Politics, 84(1), 258–275. https://doi.org/10.1086/715250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreppel, A., & Oztas, B. (2017). Leading the band or just playing the tune?. Comparative Political Studies, 50(8), 1118–1150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414016666839
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leino-Sandberg, P. (2021). The politics of legal expertise in EU policymaking. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leino-Sandberg, P. (2022). Enchantment and critical distance in eu legal scholarship. European Law Open, 1(2), 231–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/elo.2022.17
   Google Scholar
• Lenaerts, K. (2023). On checks and balances. Columbia Journal of European Law, 29(2), 25–64.
   Google Scholar
• Lenaerts, K., & Gutiérrez-Fons, J. (2010). The constitutional allocation of powers and general principles of EU law. Common Market Law Review, 47(6), 1629–1669. https://doi.org/10.54648/cola2010069
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maduro, M. (1998). We the court. Bloomsbury Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Magyar, B. (2016). Post-communist mafia state. Central European University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Makszimov, V. (2023). Strategic use of extrajudicial citations at the European court of justice. Working paper on file with authors.
   Google Scholar
• Mancini, F., & Keeling, D. (1994). Democracy and the European court of justice. Modern Law Review, 57, 175. https://doi.org/10.1111/mlr.1994.57.issue-2
   Google Scholar
• Matthijs, M. (2023). How Poland's election results could reshape Europe. Council of Foreign Relations.
   Google Scholar
• Mayoral, J., & Torres Perez, A. (2018). On judicial mobilization. Journal of European Integration, 40(6), 719–736. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2018.1502285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijers Committee (2023). Rule of law dashboard.
   Google Scholar
• Mérand, F. (2021). The political commissioner. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moravcsik, A. (2014). Transparency: The revolution in qualitative research. PS: Political Science & Politics, 47(01), 48–53.
   Google Scholar
• Möschel, M. (2019). How ‘liberal’ democracies attack(ed) judicial independence. In Judicial power in a globalized world. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, H. (2019). Political leadership and the European commission presidency. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nugent, N., & Rhinard, M. (2016). Is the European commission really in decline?. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 54(5), 1199–1215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ovádek, M. (2021). Facilitating access to data on European union laws. Political Research Exchange, 3(1), Article 1870150. https://doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2020.1870150
   Google Scholar
• Ovádek, M. (2023). The making of landmark rulings in the European union. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(6), 1119–1141. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2022.2066156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palayret, J.-M. (2006). Visions, votes, and vetoes. Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Pavone, T. (2019). From marx to market. Law & Society Review, 53(3), 851–888. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.v53.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavone, T. (2022). The ghostwriters. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pavone, T., & Kelemen, R. D. (2019). The evolving judicial politics of European integration. European Law Journal, 25(4), 352–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.v25.4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pech, L., & Kochenov, D. (2021). Respect for the rule of law in the case law of the European court of justice (Report No. 3, pp. 1–234). SIEPS.
   Google Scholar
• Pech, L., & Scheppele, K. L. (2017). Illiberalism within. Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies, 19, 3–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/cel.2017.9
   Google Scholar
• Phelan, W. (2019). Great judgments of the European court of justice. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pircher, B. (2023). Compliance with eu law from 1989 to 2018. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 61(3), 763–780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack, M. A. (1998). The engines of integration? In European integration and supranational governance. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Priebus, S., & Anders, L. H. (2023). Fundamental change beneath the surface: The supranationalisation of rule of law protection in the European Union, Journal of Common Market Studies, 62(1), 224–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, M. (2014). Revolutionizing European law. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 12(1), 136–163. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mou006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadurski, W. (2019). Poland's constitutional breakdown. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sartori, G. (1970). Concept misformation in comparative politics. American Political Science Review, 64(4), 1033–1053. https://doi.org/10.2307/1958356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheppele, K. L. (2023). The treaties without a guardian. Columbia Journal of European Law, 29, 93.
   Google Scholar
• Scheppele, K. L., Kochenov, D., & Grabowska-Moroz, B. (2020). Eu values are law, after all. Yearbook of European Law, 39, 3–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yeaa012
   Google Scholar
• Scheppele, K. L., & Morijn, J. (2023). What price, rule of law? In The rule of law in the EU. Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Snyder, F. (1993). The effectiveness of European community law. The Modern Law Review, 56(1), 19–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/mlr.1993.56.issue-1
   Google Scholar
• Solanke, I. (2011). Stop the ECJ? European Law Journal, 17(6), 764–784. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.2011.17.issue-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soyaltin-Colella, D. (2022). The EU's ‘actions-without-sanctions’?. European Politics and Society, 23(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2020.1842698
   Google Scholar
• Spieker, L. (2023). EU values before the court of justice. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, E. (1981). Lawyers, judges, and the making of a transnational constitution. American Journal of International Law, 75(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.2307/2201413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone Sweet, A. (2004). The judicial construction of Europe. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stone Sweet, A. (2010). The European court of justice and the judicialization of eu governance. Living Reviews in EU Governance.
   Google Scholar
• Stone Sweet, A., & Brunell, T. (2012). The European court of justice, state noncompliance, and the politics of override. American Political Science Review, 106(1), 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tallberg, J. (2000). Supranational influence in eu enforcement. Journal of European Public Policy, 7(1), 104–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/135017600343296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tallberg, J. (2002). Paths to compliance. International Organization, 56(3), 609–643. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081802760199908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tömmel, I., & Verdun, A. (2017). Political leadership in the European union. Journal of European Integration, 39(2), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2016.1277714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tridimas, T. (1997). The role of the advocate general in the development of community law. Common Market Law Review, 34(6), 1349–1387. https://doi.org/10.54648/157630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tridimas, T. (2014). Fundamental rights, general principles of eu law, and the charter. Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies, 16, 361–392. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1528887000002676
   Google Scholar
• Van Elsuwege, P., & Gremmelprez, F. (2020). Protecting the rule of law in the eu legal order. European Constitutional Law Review, 16(1), 8–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1574019620000085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vauchez, A. (2010). The transnational politics of judicialization. European Law Journal, 16(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.2010.16.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vauchez, A. (2017). Eu law classics in the making. In EU law stories. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vissers, N. (2023). Enforcing democracy. Verfassungsblog.
   Google Scholar
• Von Bogdandy, A. (2010). Founding principles of eu law. European Law Journal, 16(2), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.2010.16.issue-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Bogdandy, A., Bogdanowicz, P., Canor, I., & Taborowski, M. (2018). A potential constitutional movement for the European rule of law.
   Google Scholar
• Weiler, J. H. (1991). The transformation of Europe. Yale Law Journal, 100(8), 2403–2483. https://doi.org/10.2307/796898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiler, J. H. (1994). A quiet revolution. Comparative Political Studies, 26(4), 510–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414094026004006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winzen, T. (2023). How backsliding governments keep the European union hospitable for autocracy. The Review of International Organizations, 1–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar