References
- Afghanistan 2020 International Religious Freedom Report. U.S. Department of State. (2021). Office of International Religious Freedom. Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/240282-AFGHANISTAN-2020-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf
- Agwani, M. S. (1980). The Saur revolution and after. International Studies, 19(4), 557–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/002088178001900401
- Ahmed, A., Edward, A., & Burnham, G. (2004). Health indicators for mothers and children in rural herat province, Afghanistan. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 19(3), 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X00001813
- Alizada, A., & Ferris-Rotman, A. (2021, July 7). The U.S. Is leaving Afghanistan, the Taliban is growing in power, and education for girls and women is already at risk. Time. Retrieved from https://time.com/6078072/afghanistan-withdrawal-taliban-girls-education/
- Aljazeera. (10 August, 2016). Afghanistan’s healthcare system struggles to rebound. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/8/10/afghanistans-healthcare-system-struggles-to-rebound
- Amowitz, L. L., Reis, C., & Iacopino, V. (2002). Maternal mortality in Herat province, Afghanistan, in 2002: An indicator of women’s human rights. JAMA, 288(10), 1284–1291. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.10.1284
- Andersen, C. T., Ahmadzai, H., Rasekh, A. W., Akala, F. A., Haque, T., Johnson, R. Loevinsohn, Benjamin, Sayed, Ghulam D, Chopra, MickeyChopra, M. (2021). Improving health service delivery in conflict-Affected settings: Lessons from a nationwide strategic purchasing mechanism in Afghanistan. Journal of Global Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04049
- ARTF. (2021). Who we are: About us. Retrieved from https://www.artf.af/who-we-are/about-us
- Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407–443. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937943
- Barro, R. J., & Lee, J. W. (1993). Losers and winners in economic growth. The World Bank Economic Review, 7(suppl_1), 267–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/7.suppl_1.267
- Bartlett, L. A., Mawji, S., Whitehead, S., Crouse, C., Dalil, S., Ionete, D., Salama, P., & Afghan Maternal Mortality Study Team. (2005). Where giving birth is a forecast of death: Maternal mortality in four districts of Afghanistan, 1999–2002. The Lancet, 365(9462), 864–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-67360571044-8
- Bayer, R., & Rupert, M. C. (2004). Effects of civil wars on international trade, 1950-92. Journal of Peace Research, 41(6), 699–713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343304047433
- BBC News. (2019, September 09). Afghanistan profile - Timeline. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12024253
- Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2008). Wars and state capacity. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(2–3), 522–530. https://doi.org/10.1162/JEEA.2008.6.2-3.522
- Bhavsar, V., Bhugra, D., & Persaud, A. (2020). Public policy, mental health and a public health approach to violence. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(7), 629–632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915236
- Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0001-690X.2003.00246.x
- Blanchet, K., Ferozuddin, F., Naeem, A. J. J., Farewar, F., Saeedzai, S. A., & Simmonds, S. (2019). Priority setting in a context of insecurity, epidemiological transition and low financial risk protection, Afghanistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 97(5), 374. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.218941
- Braveman, P., & Gottlieb, L. (2014). The social determinants of health: It’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public Health Reports, 129(1_suppl2), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549141291S206
- CNBCTV18. (16 August, 2021). Explained: Afghanistan’s frail economy closer to collapse after Taliban takeover. Retrieved from https://www.cnbctv18.com/world/explained-afghanistans-frail-economy-closer-to-collapse-after-taliban-takeover-10389541.html
- Commission on Social Determinants of Health. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health: final report of the commission on social determinants of health. World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43943/9789241563703_eng.pdf;jsessionid=9CCFDB0F437DF185DE26926571D76E6F?sequence=1
- Cordesman, A. H. (2019, January 15). Afghanistan as Vietnam Redux: Bomb, declare peace, and leave? CSIS. Retrieved from https://www.csis.org/analysis/afghanistan-vietnam-redux-bomb-declare-peace-and-leave
- Cordesman, A. H. (2022). Reshaping U.S. Aid to Afghanistan: The challenge of lasting progress. https://www.csis.org/analysis/reshaping-us-aid-afghanistan-challenge-lasting-progress
- Cornwell, R. (13 February. 2010). Charlie Wilson: Congressman whose support for the Mujahedeen helped force the Soviet Union out of Afghanistan. The Independent. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/charlie-wilson-congressman-whose-support-for-the-mujahideen-helped-force-the-soviet-union-out-of-afghanistan-1898180.html
- Dubitsky, S. (1999). The health care crisis facing women under Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Human Rights Brief, 6(2), 7.
- Embassy of India, (2020). India-Afghanistan Relations. Retrieved from https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/?0354?000. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- Faiz, A. (1997). Health Care under the Taliban. The Lancet, 349(9060), 1247–1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-67360562439-7
- Grono, N. (2006). Briefing: Darfur: The international community’s failure to protect. African Affairs, 105(421), 621–631. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adl036
- Higgs, R. (2006). Regime uncertainty: Why the great depression lasted so long and why prosperity resumed after the war . In Robert Higgs (Ed.), Depression, War and the Cold War (pp. 3–29). New York: Oxford University Press
- Human Rights Watch. (2020). Disability is not weakness”: Discrimination and barriers facing women and girls with disabilities in Afghanistan.
- International Council of Nurses. (2021, September 21). Afghan nurses report on extreme challenges and need for international support. ICN - International Council of Nurses. https://www.icn.ch/news/afghan-nurses-report-extreme-challenges-and-need-international-support
- Khan, R. M. (1991). Untying the Afghan knot: Negotiating soviet withdrawal. Duke University Press.
- Kickbusch, I., Allen, L., & Franz, C. (2016). The commercial determinants of health. The Lancet Global Health, 4(12), e895–e896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30217-0
- Krieger, N. (2012). Methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health: An ecosocial approach. American Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 936–944. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300544
- Labonté, R., & Schrecker, T. (2007). Globalization and social determinants of health: Introduction and methodological background (part 1 of 3). Globalization and Health, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-3-5
- Latifi, A. M. (25 May, 2019). Years of war and poverty take toll on Afghanistan’s healthcare. Al Jazeera. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/years-war-poverty-toll-afghanistan-healthcare-190525101842119.html
- Laub, Z. (2014). The Taliban in Afghanistan. Council on Foreign Relations, 4(7), 1–9.
- Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. (1995). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 80–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/2626958
- Marmot, M. G., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2006). Social determinants of health (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Marsden, P., & Samman, E. (2001). Afghanistan: The Economic and Social Impact of Conflict. In War and Underdevelopment (pp. 21–55). Oxford University Press.
- Mayhew, M., Hansen, P. M., Peters, D. H., Edward, A., Singh, L. P., Dwivedi, V., Mashkoor, Ashraf, Burnham, G. (2008). Determinants of skilled birth attendant utilization in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study. American Journal of Public Health, 98(10), 1849–1856. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.123471
- Merelli, A. (2021, August 28). The flight from Afghanistan could decimate its healthcare system. Qaurtz. Retrieved from https://qz.com/2052654/what-is-the-state-of-afghanistans-healthcare-system/ Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- Mikkonen, J., & Raphael, D. (2010). Social determinants of health: The Canadian facts. Retrieved from https://thecanadianfacts.org/The_Canadian_Facts.pdf
- Mishra, S.(2021, June 13). Why conditional aid to Afghanistan is counterproductive. ORF. Retrieved from https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/why-conditional-aid-to-afghanistan-is-counterproductive/
- Murdoch, J. C., & Sandler, T. (2004). Civil wars and economic growth: Spatial dispersion. American Journal of Political Science, 48(1), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00061.x
- Narain, K., Rackimuthu, S., Essar, M. Y., & Vink, M. (2022). Call for solidarity: The war may be over in Afghanistan but the health crises continue. Journal of Global Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.03002
- Nemat, A., Asady, A., Raufi, N., Zaki, N., Ehsan, E., Noor, N. A. S., & Zeng, Q. (2021). A survey of the healthcare workers in Afghanistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 104(2), 537–539. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1367
- Newbrander, W., Ickx, P., Feroz, F., & Stanekzai, H. (2014). Afghanistan’s basic package of health services: Its development and effects on rebuilding the health system. Global Public Health, 9(sup1), S6–S28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.916735
- OCHA Services. (2022, July 3). Earthquake in Paktika and khost provinces, Afghanistan—Situation report # 8 (As of 3 July 2022)—Afghanistan | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/earthquake-paktika-and-khost-provinces-afghanistan-situation-report-8-3-july-2022
- Persaud, A., Day, G., Gupta, S., Ventriglio, A., Ruiz, R., Chumakov, E., Desai, G., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Torales, J., Juan Tolentino, E., Bhui, K., & Bhugra, D. (2018). Geopolitical factors and mental health I. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(8), 778–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764018808548
- POV BLOG. (2002, September 9). Afghanistan’s health crisis. Retrieved from http://archive.pov.org/afghanistanyear1380/afghanistans-health-crisis/
- Rahmani, A. M., Wade, B., & Riley, W. (2015). Evaluating the impact a proposed family planning model would have on maternal and infant mortality in Afghanistan. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 30(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2206
- Rashid, A. (2010). Taliban: Militant Islam, oil and fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale University Press.
- Rodrik, D. (1999). Where did all the growth go? External shocks, social conflict, and growth collapses. Journal of Economic Growth, 4(4), 385–412. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009863208706
- Ryan, M., & DeYoung, K. (2021). Biden will withdraw all US forces from Afghanistan by Sept. 11, 2021. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/biden-us-troop-withdrawal-afghanistan/2021/04/13/918c3cae-9beb-11eb-8a83-3bc1fa69c2e8_story.html
- Schnell, M. (2021, August 30). Aid agencies warn Afghanistan’s health care system is near collapse. The Hill. Retrieved from https://thehill.com/policy/international/570050-aid-agencies-warn-afghanistans-health-care-system-is-near-collapse
- Singh, B., & Chattu, V. K. (2021). Prioritizing ‘equity’in COVID-19 vaccine distribution through global health diplomacy. Health Promotion Perspectives, 11(3), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.36
- Singh, B., Kaur, J., Sen, R. K., Singh, B., & Chattu, V. K. (2021). The double whammy of pandemic and war: A systematic review of India’s education diplomacy to address educational inequities in Afghanistan. Education Sciences, 11(10), 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11100651
- Stone, R. (2020). COVID-19 in South Asia: Mirror and catalyst. Asian Affairs, 51(3), 542–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2020.1814078
- Strong, L., Wali, A., & Sondorp, E. (2005). Health policy in Afghanistan: Two years of rapid change. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 8(9), 1–48.
- Thiagarajan, K. (2021, September 18). Afghan Health Minister: Health Care Is ‘On The Verge Of Collapse’. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/09/18/1038068777/afghan-health-minister-health-care-is-on-the-verge-of-collapse-but-im-optimistic
- Tolo News. (2019, March 17). Indian companies invest in Afghanistan’s Healthcare. Retrieved from https://tolonews.com/business/indian-companies-invest-afghanistan%E2%80%99s-healthcare
- UNICEF-Afghanistan. (2018). WASH: Water, sanitation and hygiene. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/wash-water-sanitation-and-hygiene
- UNICEF: For Every Child Afghanistan. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/afghanistan/health. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- United Nations. (2022, March 31). World can end ‘downward humanitarian spiral’ of Afghanistan | UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1115102
- United Nations Development Programme. (2021). UNDP human development reports, https://www.hdr.undp.org/
- United Nations Secretary-General. (2006, December 11). Secretary-General’s address at the Truman Presidential Museum and Library. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2006-12-11/secretary-generals-address-truman-presidential-museum-and-library
- Van Egmond, K., Bosmans, M., Naeem, A. J., Claeys, P., Verstraelen, H., & Temmerman, M. (2004). Reproductive health in Afghanistan: Results of a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among Afghan women in Kabul. Disasters, 28(3), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2004.00258.x
- WION Web Team. (2021, August 30). Aid agencies warn Afghanistan’s Healthcare system near collapse. Retrieved from https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/aid-agencies-warn-afghanistans-healthcare-system-near-collapse-409512
- The World Bank. (2020, 23 October). Delivering strong and sustained health gains in Afghanistan: The sehatmandi project. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2020/10/23/delivering-strong-and-sustained-health-gains-in-afghanistan-the-sehatmandi-project
- World Health Organization. (2018, May 01). WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance: Afghanistan. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CCU-18.02-Afghanistan
- World Health Organization. (2021a). Afghanistan: Eye Care. Retrieved from http://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/eye-care.html
- World Health Organization. (2021b). Regional office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Afghanistan. Health System. Retrieved from http://www.emro.who.int/afg/programmes/health-system-strengthening.html
- World Health Organization. (2022, January 24). Afghanistan’s health system is on the brink of collapse: Urgent action is needed. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/afghanistan-s-health-system-is-on-the-brink-of-collapse-urgent-action-is-needed